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Alternative Electrodes for OSC

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Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells

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Abstract

Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are essential components of many ubiquitous commercial optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), touch screens, electrochromic windows and thin-film transistors (TFTs). Doped metal oxide-coated glasses, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO) and aluminium zinc oxide (AZO), are currently the most common material-of-choice for TCEs. However, the scarcity of the rare-earth metal indium and the high market demand for TCEs have resulted in future supply concerns, increasing cost and price fluctuation. It has been reported that while the global demand for resistive style touch panels has recently grown at ~ 30 % per year, the world-wide production of indium, a critical component, increased by only 5 % annually between 2000 and 2010. As a result, the price of indium in the USA has increased by approximately 6–10 times during this time. In addition to supply and price constraints, the processing of ITO requires a number of energy intensive processes such as high preparation temperatures and vacuum-based deposition techniques. The brittleness of ITO and its substitutes FTO and AZO make it unsuitable for use in flexible and stretchable electronic devices. Unless these issues are addressed, the high cost and limitations of ITO and its current substitutes are expected to slow both innovation and adoption of optoelectronic device technology.

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  1. Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, Materials Science, 6000 N Teutonia Ave., 53209, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Yong Zhang & Bryce Nelson

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  1. College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Hui Huang

  2. Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA

    Jinsong Huang

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Zhang, Y., Nelson, B. (2014). Alternative Electrodes for OSC. In: Huang, H., Huang, J. (eds) Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10855-1_6

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