Abstract
It is a common feature of electrodes with immobilized particles and droplets that three phases are in close contact with each other, i.e., each phase having an interface with the two other phases. This situation exists also in most of the so-called surface-modified or film electrodes, many battery and fuel cell electrodes, electrodes of the second kind, etc. In fact, the majority of surface-modified electrodes consist of arrays of particles that partially cover the electrode surface. It would be far beyond the scope of this book to include all chemical and electrochemical techniques to deposit films on electrodes. Here we shall deal only with electrodes where the particles or droplets have been mechanically attached with the aim of studying their electrochemistry. Before going into the details in Chaps. 5 and 6, we now like to outline the specificity of three-phase electrodes.
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Notes
- 1.
When a metal particle, e.g., Ag, attached to a gold electrode is anodically oxidized, the ion transfer is the transfer of Ag+ ions from the metal to the solution and the electron transfer occurs between gold and silver. Such kind of electron transfer between electronically conducting phases will, of course, always occur in electrochemistry, because any electrode needs another conductor at its terminal. It should be remembered that the interfacial potentials that build up between the electrodes and its terminal conducting connectors are responsible for the inaccessibility of single electrode potentials.
- 2.
Lange E, Göhr H (1962) Thermodynamische Elektrochemie. Hüthig Verlag, Heidelberg
References
Hermes M, Scholz F (2000) The electrochemical oxidation of white phosphorus at a three-phase junction . Electrochem Commun 2:845–850
Hasse U, Scholz F (2001) In situ atomic force microscopy of the reduction of lead oxide nanocrystals immobilized on an electrode surface. Electrochem Commun 3:429–434
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Scholz, F., Schröder, U., Gulaboski, R., Doménech-Carbó, A. (2015). Electrodes with Immobilized Particles and Droplets: Three-Phase Electrodes. In: Electrochemistry of Immobilized Particles and Droplets. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10843-8_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10843-8_2
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