Thinking in Systems

Abstract

Systems are all around us, they are sets of interrelated objects or entities that interact with each other. They can be living beings, such as humans, animals, and plants. They can be mechanical entities, such as automobiles, ships, and airplanes; or industrial plants, such as oil refineries, chemical plants, and electric power generators. There are also other entities, such as social, political, and business systems. The behaviors of these systems are shaped by their environments, by the actions and interactions of their own subentities, and also by human beings. However, it is interesting to note that all these disparate systems exhibit some common behavior patterns.

This chapter provides an introduction to the basic systems concept by describing a number of different systems in various disciplines. The chapter discusses the importance of information exchange and feedback in shaping their behavior. Why systems knowledge can help us better understand and cope with them and also enables us to build or modify them to better address our needs and desires. Finally, the chapter introduces the concept of the systems view and how that differs from a compartmentalized way of thinking.