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Respiratory and Cardiovascular Effects of Metals in Ambient Particulate Matter: A Critical Review

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Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

Part of the book series: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ((RECT,volume 234))

Abstract

There is a large body of community-level epidemiologic evidence showing positive associations between increases in morbidity and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular causes, and increases in the mass of ambient particulate matter (PM) in air in the preceding 1–3 days (Dockery and Pope 1994; Schwartz and Morris 1995; Laden et al. 2000). The evidence has been sufficiently convincing to support the development of ambient air quality standards and regulations to reduce air particulate emissions in the U.S., Canada and Europe. Ambient PM is a dynamic and complex mixture that varies in composition over both time and location; and, it is not clear which components of ambient PM are most active in producing respiratory and cardiovascular health effects. Identifying which components of ambient PM present the greatest risk is potentially important for refining strategies to protect public health (Grahame and Schlesinger 2007).

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Dr. Glynis Lough (Battelle), Dr. Debra Kaden (ENVIRON), Dr. Adriana Oller (NiPERA), and members of the Mickey Leland National Urban Air Toxics Research Center (NUATRC) Scientific Advisory Panel for their comprehensive review of this manuscript.

Declaration of Interest 

The authors’ affiliations are shown on the cover page. The authors have sole responsibility for the writing and content of the paper. This literature review was supported by a contract from the Mickey Leland National Urban Air Toxics Research Center (NUATRC), and partial funding for this project was provided by the Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA). The views expressed and conclusions drawn are those of the authors.

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  1. Stantec Consulting Services, Inc., 1500 Lake Shore Drive, Suite 100, Columbus, OH, 43204, USA

    Deborah L. Gray

  2. Santa Rosa, CA, USA

    Lance A. Wallace

  3. Battelle Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation, Columbus, OH, USA

    Marielle C. Brinkman & Stephanie S. Buehler

  4. Stantec Consulting Services, Inc., 1500 Lake Shore Drive, Suite 100, Columbus, OH, 43204, USA

    Chris La Londe

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  1. Deborah L. Gray
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  2. Lance A. Wallace
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  3. Marielle C. Brinkman
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  4. Stephanie S. Buehler
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  5. Chris La Londe
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Correspondence to Deborah L. Gray .

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  1. Summerfield, North Carolina, USA

    David M. Whitacre

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Gray, D.L., Wallace, L.A., Brinkman, M.C., Buehler, S.S., La Londe, C. (2015). Respiratory and Cardiovascular Effects of Metals in Ambient Particulate Matter: A Critical Review. In: Whitacre, D. (eds) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol 234. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10638-0_3

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