Abstract
In order to study pedestrian dynamics, mathematical models play an important role. It is well-known that a social force model exhibits clogging or what is called the “faster-is-slower effect” (Helbing et al., Nature 407:487–490, 2000). Also, the authors in Frank and Dorso (Phys A 390:2135–2145, 2011) and Kirchner et al. (Phys Rev E 67:056122, 2003) reported that an obstacle facilitates and obstructs evacuation of pedestrians trying to get out of a room with an exit, dependently on its position, size, and shape. In particular, as stated in Frank and Dorso (Phys A 390:2135–2145, 2011), an obstacle has a strong influence on pedestrians if it is put in a site shifted a little from the front of the exit. However, it has not been shown where and how it is the most efficiency to set up an obstacle. Thus we investigate the dynamics of pedestrians and clarify the effect of a disk-shaped obstacle with various sizes placed in several positions via numerical simulations for a social force model. Finally, we calculate a leaving time of pedestrians for each size and position of an obstacle, and determine an “optimal size” of an obstacle in the case that it is set up in a site shifted from the front of the exit.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
G.A. Frank, C.O. Dorso, Room evacuation in the presence of an obstacle. Physica A 390, 2135–2145 (2011)
D. Helbing, I. Farkas, T. Vicsek, Simulating dynamical features of escape panic. Nature 407, 487–490 (2000)
A. Kirchner, K. Nishinari, A. Schadschneider, Friction effects and clogging in a cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics. Phys. Rev. E 67, 056122 (2003)
X. Pan, C.S. Han, K. Dauber, K.H. Law, A multi-agent based framework for the simulation of human and social behaviors during emergency evacuations. AI Soc. 22, 113–132 (2007)
D. Yanagisawa, A. Kimura, A. Tomoeda, R. Nishi, Y. Suma, K. Ohtsuka, K. Nishinari, Introduction of frictional and turning function for pedestrian outflow with an obstacle. Phys. Rev. E 80, 036110 (2009)
Acknowledgements
T. Matsuoka would like to thank Meiji University Graduate School to support him. He also thanks Professor K. Ikeda in Meiji University for valuable comments and advice.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Matsuoka, T., Tomoeda, A., Iwamoto, M., Suzuno, K., Ueyama, D. (2015). Effects of an Obstacle Position for Pedestrian Evacuation: SF Model Approach. In: Chraibi, M., Boltes, M., Schadschneider, A., Seyfried, A. (eds) Traffic and Granular Flow '13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10629-8_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10629-8_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-10628-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-10629-8
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)