Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

MRI of the Female and Male Pelvis pp 229–247Cite as

MR Imaging of the Scrotum

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging represents a valuable problem-solving tool in the investigation of scrotal diseases. The technique has a clinical role in cases of inconclusive ultrasonographic examinations and when tissue characterization is necessary. The evaluation of large masses is improved compared to ultrasonography. A variety of nonsurgical lesions are safely characterized. MR imaging can be used to provide information about testicular perfusion with a sensitivity rivaling that of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Tsili AC, Giannakis D, Sylakos A, Ntorkou A, Sofikitis N, Argyropoulou MI (2014) MR imaging of scrotum. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 22:217–238, vi

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Watanabe Y, Dohke M, Ohkubo K et al (2000) Scrotal disorders: evaluation of testicular enhancement patterns at dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MR imaging. Radiology 217:219–227

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Andipa E, Liberopoulos K, Asvestis C (2004) Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound evaluation of penile and testicular masses. World J Urol 22:382–391

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Shellock FG, Rothman B, Sarti D (1990) Heating of the scrotum by high-field-strength MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 154:1229–1232

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Rholl KS, Lee JK, Ling D, Heiken JP, Glazer HS (1987) MR imaging of the scrotum with a high-resolution surface coil. Radiology 163:99–103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Baker LL, Hajek PC, Burkhard TK et al (1987) MR imaging of the scrotum: normal anatomy. Radiology 163:89–92

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Frush DP, Sheldon CA (1998) Diagnostic imaging for pediatric scrotal disorders. Radiographics 18:969–985

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Watanabe Y, Nagayama M, Okumura A et al (2007) MR imaging of testicular torsion: features of testicular hemorrhagic necrosis and clinical outcomes. J Magn Reson Imaging 26:100–108

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Maki D, Watanabe Y, Nagayama M et al (2011) Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of testicular torsion: feasibility study. J Magn Reson Imaging 34:1137–1142

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Tsili AC, Argyropoulou MI, Giannakis D, Tsampalas S, Sofikitis N, Tsampoulas K (2012) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of normal and abnormal scrotum: preliminary results. Asian J Androl 14:649–654

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kim MS, Kim KA, Chang SH (2011) Testicular epidermoid cyst on diffusion-weighted MR imaging and ADC map : a case report. J Korean Soc Magn Reson Med 15:154–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Gulum M, Cece H, Yeni E et al (2012) Diffusion-weighted MRI of the testis in hydrocele: a pilot study. Urol Int 89:191–195

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kantarci M, Doganay S, Yalcin A, Aksoy Y, Yilmaz-Cankaya B, Salman B (2010) Diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted MRI in the detection of nonpalpable undescended testes: comparison with conventional MRI and surgical findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 195:W268–W273

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Terai A, Yoshimura K, Ichioka K et al (2006) Dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction magnetic resonance imaging in diagnostics of testicular torsion. Urology 67:1278–1282

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Tsili AC, Giannakis D, Sylakos A et al (2014) Apparent diffusion coefficient values of normal testis and variations with age. Asian J Androl 16:493–497

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Kim W, Rosen MA, Langer JE, Banner MP, Siegelman ES, Ramchandani P (2007) US MR imaging correlation in pathologic conditions of the scrotum. Radiographics 27:1239–1253

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hricak H, Hamm B, Kim B (1995) Imaging techniques, anatomy, artifacts and bioeffects: magnetic resonance imaging. Raven, New York

    Google Scholar 

  18. Nguyen HT, Coakley F, Hricak H (1999) Cryptorchidism: strategies in detection. Eur Radiol 9:336–343

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sijstermans K, Hack WW, van der Voort-Doedens LM, Meijer RW (2009) Long-term testicular growth and position after orchidopexy for congenital undescended testis. Urol Int 83:438–445

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Krishnaswami S, Fonnesbeck C, Penson D, McPheeters ML (2013) Magnetic resonance imaging for locating nonpalpable undescended testicles: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics 131:e1908–e1916

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kaipia A, Ryymin P, Makela E, Aaltonen M, Kahara V, Kangasniemi M (2005) Magnetic resonance imaging of experimental testicular torsion. Int J Androl 28:355–359

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Cassidy FH, Ishioka KM, McMahon CJ et al (2010) MR imaging of scrotal tumors and pseudotumors. Radiographics 30:665–683

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Gotto GT, Chang SD, Nigro MK (2010) MRI in the diagnosis of incomplete testicular torsion. Br J Radiol 83:e105–e107

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Baud C, Veyrac C, Couture A, Ferran JL (1998) Spiral twist of the spermatic cord: a reliable sign of testicular torsion. Pediatr Radiol 28:950–954

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Aso C, Enriquez G, Fite M et al (2005) Gray-scale and color Doppler sonography of scrotal disorders in children: an update. Radiographics 25:1197–1214

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Dogra VS, Gottlieb RH, Oka M, Rubens DJ (2003) Sonography of the scrotum. Radiology 227:18–36

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hricak H, Filly RA (1983) Sonography of the scrotum. Invest Radiol 18:112–121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Watanabe Y (2002) Scrotal imaging. Curr Opin Urol 12:149–153

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Fernandez-Perez GC, Tardaguila FM, Velasco M et al (2005) Radiologic findings of segmental testicular infarction. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184:1587–1593

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kodama K, Yotsuyanagi S, Fuse H, Hirano S, Kitagawa K, Masuda S (2000) Magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose segmental testicular infarction. J Urol 163:910–911

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Saxon P, Badler RL, Desser TS, Tublin ME, Katz DS (2012) Segmental testicular infarction: report of seven new cases and literature review. Emerg Radiol 19:217–223

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Bertolotto M, Derchi LE, Sidhu PS et al (2011) Acute segmental testicular infarction at contrast-enhanced ultrasound: early features and changes during follow-up. AJR Am J Roentgenol 196:834–841

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Parenti GC, Feletti F, Brandini F et al (2009) Imaging of the scrotum: role of MRI. Radiol Med 114:414–424

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Woodward PJ, Sohaey R, O’Donoghue MJ, Green DE (2002) From the archives of the AFIP: tumors and tumorlike lesions of the testis: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 22:189–216

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Langer JE, Ramchandani P, Siegelman ES, Banner MP (1999) Epidermoid cysts of the testicle: sonographic and MR imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 173:1295–1299

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Park SB, Lee WC, Kim JK et al (2011) Imaging features of benign solid testicular and paratesticular lesions. Eur Radiol 21:2226–2234

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Gaur S, Bhatt S, Derchi L, Dogra V (2011) Spontaneous intratesticular hemorrhage: two case descriptions and brief review of the literature. J Ultrasound Med 30:101–104

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Hertzberg BS, Mahony BS, Bowie JD, Anderson EE (1985) Sonography of an intratesticular lipoma. J Ultrasound Med 4:619–621

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Harper M, Arya M, Peters JL, Buckingham S, Freeman A, O’Donoghue EP (2002) Intratesticular lipoma. Scand J Urol Nephrol 36:223–224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Serra AD, Hricak H, Coakley FV et al (1998) Inconclusive clinical and ultrasound evaluation of the scrotum: impact of magnetic resonance imaging on patient management and cost. Urology 51:1018–1021

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Walker RN, Murphy TJ, Wilkerson ML (2008) Testicular hamartomas in a patient with Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome. J Ultrasound Med 27:1245–1248

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Philips S, Nagar A, Dighe M, Vikram R, Sunnapwar A, Prasad S (2012) Benign non-cystic scrotal tumors and pseudotumors. Acta Radiol 53:102–111

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Woodhouse J, Ferguson MM (2006) Multiple hyperechoic testicular lesions are a common finding on ultrasound in Cowden disease and represent lipomatosis of the testis. Br J Radiol 79:801–803

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Liu B, Chen J, Luo J, Zhou F, Wang C, Xie L (2013) Cavernous hemangioma of the testis mimicking a testicular teratoma. Exp Ther Med 6:91–92

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Tanaka U, Kitajima K, Fujisawa M, Hara S, Takahashi S (2013) Magnetic resonance imaging findings of sclerosing Sertoli cell tumor of the testis. Jpn J Radiol 31:286–288

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Tsili AC, Tsampoulas C, Giannakopoulos X et al (2007) MRI in the histologic characterization of testicular neoplasms. AJR Am J Roentgenol 189:W331–W337

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Tsili AC, Argyropoulou MI, Astrakas LG et al (2013) Dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MRI for characterizing intratesticular mass lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 200:578–585

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Lee SJ, Lee JH, Jeon SH, Kim MJ (2010) Multiple epidermoid cysts arising from the extratesticular scrotal, spermatic cord and perineal area. Korean J Urol 51:505–507

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Bertolotto M, Borsato A, Derchi LE (2014) Lymphoma of the spermatic cord: Sonographic appearance. J Clin Ultrasound 42:509-512

    Google Scholar 

  50. Thomas JC, Elder JS (2002) Testicular growth arrest and adolescent varicocele: does varicocele size make a difference? J Urol 168:1689–1691

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University of Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, 34149, Italy

    Michele Bertolotto MD, Francesca Cacciato & Matilde Cazzagon

  2. Dicmi-Radiologia, University of Genova, Largo R. Benzi 8, Genoa, 16132, Italy

    Lorenzo E. Derchi

Authors
  1. Michele Bertolotto MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Francesca Cacciato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Matilde Cazzagon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Lorenzo E. Derchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michele Bertolotto MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University of Verona, “G.B.Ross” University Hospital, Verona, Italy

    Riccardo Manfredi

  2. Department of Radiology, University of Verona, “G.B.Ross” University Hospital, Verona, Italy

    Roberto Pozzi Mucelli

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bertolotto, M., Cacciato, F., Cazzagon, M., Derchi, L.E. (2015). MR Imaging of the Scrotum. In: Manfredi, R., Pozzi Mucelli, R. (eds) MRI of the Female and Male Pelvis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09659-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09659-9_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-09658-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-09659-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation