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Three-Dimensional Visualization of Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cauda Equina Nerve Roots, and Estimation of a Related Vulnerability Ratio

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Atlas of Functional Anatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine

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Abstract

The procedure for obtaining a detailed three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cauda equina roots inside the lumbosacral dural sac is described in Chap. 47.

Briefly, processed T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images show a gray scale range between 0 and 3,000. A segmentation threshold (around 700) is chosen to separate the spinal nerve roots of the cauda equina and caudal spinal cord segments from the CSF inside the dural sac along the lower levels of the vertebral canal. The resulting root segmentation then is corrected manually.

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References

  1. Puigdellivol-Sánchez A, Prats-Galino A, Reina MA, Machés F, Hernández JM, De Andrés J, Van Zundert A. Three dimensional magnetic resonance image of structures enclosed in the spinal canal relevant to anesthetists and estimation of the lumbosacral CSF volume. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2011;62:37–45.

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  2. Prats-Galino A, Reina MA, Puigdellívol-Sánchez A, Juanes Méndez JA, De Andrés JA, Collier CB. Cerebrospinal fluid volume and nerve root vulnerability during lumbar puncture or spinal anaesthesia at different vertebral levels. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2012;40:643–7.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Surgical NeuroAnatomy (LSNA), Human Anatomy, and Embryology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007, Barcelona, Spain

    Alberto Prats-Galino MD, PhD & Anna Puigdellívol-Sánchez MD, PhD

  2. Department of Radiology, Madrid-Montepríncipe University Hospital, School of Medicine, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain

    José Manuel Escobar Tech

Authors
  1. Alberto Prats-Galino MD, PhD
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  2. Anna Puigdellívol-Sánchez MD, PhD
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  3. José Manuel Escobar Tech
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alberto Prats-Galino MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Clinical Medical Sciences and Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain, and Madrid-Montepríncipe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

    Miguel Angel Reina

  2. Department of Surgical Specialties, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Management, General University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    José Antonio De Andrés

  3. College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Anesthesiology, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York School of Regional, Anesthesia (NYSORA), New York, NY, USA, and Columbia University, New York, New York, USA

    Admir Hadzic

  4. Laboratory of Surgical NeuroAnatomy, Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Alberto Prats-Galino

  5. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain

    Xavier Sala-Blanch

  6. Discipline of Anesthesiology, The University of Queensland and Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

    André A.J. van Zundert

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Prats-Galino, A., Puigdellívol-Sánchez, A., Escobar, J.M. (2015). Three-Dimensional Visualization of Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cauda Equina Nerve Roots, and Estimation of a Related Vulnerability Ratio. In: Reina, M., De Andrés, J., Hadzic, A., Prats-Galino, A., Sala-Blanch, X., van Zundert, A. (eds) Atlas of Functional Anatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09522-6_37

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09522-6_37

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-09521-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-09522-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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