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Ca2+ Signaling in Astrocytes and its Role in Ischemic Stroke

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Glutamate and ATP at the Interface of Metabolism and Signaling in the Brain

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 11))

Abstract

Astrocytes have been found to play important roles in physiology being fundamental for ionic homeostasis and glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft by their plasma membrane glutamate transporters. Astrocytes are electrically non-excitable, but they exhibit Ca2+ signaling, which now has been demonstrated to serve as an indirect mediator of neuron-glia bidirectional interactions through gliotransmission via tripartite synapses and to modulate synaptic function and plasticity. Spontaneous astrocytic Ca2+ signaling was observed in vivo. Intercellular Ca2+ waves in astrocytes can be evoked by a variety of stimulations. Astrocytes are critically involved in many pathological conditions including ischemic stroke. For example, it is well known that astrocytes become reactive and form glial scar after stroke. In animal models of some brain disorders, astrocytes have been shown to exhibit enhanced Ca2+ excitability featured as regenerative intercellular Ca2+ waves. This chapter briefly summarizes astrocytic Ca2+ signaling pathways under normal conditions and in experimental in vitro and in vivo ischemic models. It discusses the possible mechanisms and therapeutic implication underlying the enhanced astrocytic Ca2+ excitability in stroke.

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Conflict of interest The author declares no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri-Columbia, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Shinghua Ding Ph.D.

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  1. Shinghua Ding Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Shinghua Ding Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurobiology CIRC 429, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    Vladimir Parpura

  2. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Arne Schousboe

  3. Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

    Alexei Verkhratsky

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Ding, S. (2014). Ca2+ Signaling in Astrocytes and its Role in Ischemic Stroke. In: Parpura, V., Schousboe, A., Verkhratsky, A. (eds) Glutamate and ATP at the Interface of Metabolism and Signaling in the Brain. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08894-5_10

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