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Gender, Gender-Role Ideology, and the Work–Family Interface: A Cross-Cultural Analysis

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Gender and the Work-Family Experience

Abstract

The current chapter examines the effects of gender and culture on work–family conflict (WFC) and work–family enrichment (WFE). We first review the literature on WFC and WFE. We then look at the impact of different aspects of gender (including physical gender, gender-role ideology, gender egalitarianism, and gender inequality) on the work–family (W–F) interface. Throughout the chapter we highlight the similarities and differences in relationships between the various aspects of gender and WFC and WFE that have been found in international studies and cross-cultural comparisons. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the agenda for future research.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In this chapter we discuss the impact of several distinct, yet interrelated aspects of gender. We use the term gender to refer to the physical aspect of gender or whether someone is a man or a woman. Gender-role ideology is defined as whether individuals’ attitudes about the roles of men and women are traditional versus egalitarian. In contrast to these two individual-level variables, gender egalitarianism and gender inequality are cultural or societal level variables. In cultures with traditional values men are seen primarily as breadwinners and women primarily as caregivers, whereas in cultures with egalitarian values there is less adherence to this traditional division of labor. The term gender inequality is used to refer to differences in power and status between men and women in different countries.

  2. 2.

    Project 3535 is a collaborative investigation of the W–F interface among organizationally employed married/cohabiting parents in ten countries (i.e., Australia, Canada, China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, and the US). The contributions of the members of the Project 3535 research team to this chapter are gratefully acknowledged. The team consists of: Drs. Zeynep Aycan, Roya Ayman, Anne Bardoel, Tripti Desai, Anat Drach-Zahavy, Leslie B. Hammer, Ting-Pang Huang, Karen Korabik, Donna S. Lero, Artiwadi Mawardi, Steven Poelmans, Ujvala Rajadhyaksha, Anit Somech, and Li Zhang. The project website is www.workfamilyconflict.ca.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Business Administration and Economics, St. Mary’s College, 46556, Notre Dame, IN, USA

    Ujvala Rajadhyaksha PhD

  2. Centre for Families, Work and Well-Being, University of Guelph, N1G2W1, Guelph, ON, Canada

    Karen Korabik PhD

  3. Departments of Psychology and Management, Koç University, Rumeli Fener Road, 34460, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey

    Zeynep Aycan PhD

Authors
  1. Ujvala Rajadhyaksha PhD
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  2. Karen Korabik PhD
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  3. Zeynep Aycan PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ujvala Rajadhyaksha PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Psychology and Management, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA

    Maura J. Mills

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Rajadhyaksha, U., Korabik, K., Aycan, Z. (2015). Gender, Gender-Role Ideology, and the Work–Family Interface: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. In: Mills, M. (eds) Gender and the Work-Family Experience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08891-4_6

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