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Animal Models of Cardiovascular Disease

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Introduction to Translational Cardiovascular Research

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) often lead to heart failure (HF). HF prevalence is continuously rising and represents one of the leading causes of death and an economic burden in the western societies. The study of potential novel therapeutic options and interventions requires reliable animal models to evaluate myocardial progressive structural and functional changes. Indeed, during the past 40 years, basic and translational scientists have used small animal models to understand the pathophysiology of HF and improve prevention and treatment of patients suffering from congestive HF (CHF). Each species and animal model has advantages and disadvantages and the choice of one model over another should take them into account for a good experimental design.

The aim of this chapter is to describe and highlight the features of some commonly used animal models of cardiovascular diseases with a particular emphasis on the ones leading to HF, including nongenetically and genetically engineered models. Larger animal models will be briefly mentioned and compared to rodents but this chapter will mostly focus on rat and mouse models.

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Abbreviations

ATH:

Atherosclerosis

CHF:

Congestive heart failure

CVD:

Cardiovascular diseases

DCM:

Dilated cardiomyopathy

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

DOCA:

Deoxycortcosterone acetate

DOX:

Doxorubicin

EF:

Ejection fraction

EMCV:

Encephalomyocarditid virus

HF:

Heart failure

HFpEF:

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

HFrEF:

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

HT:

Hypertension

HYP:

Hypertrophy

LAD:

Left anterior descending

LV:

Left ventricle

MCT:

Monocrotaline

MI:

Myocardial infarction

MS:

Metabolic syndrome

RAAS:

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

REM:

Remodeling

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  1. Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal

    Inês Falcão-Pires MSc, PhD & Adelino F. Leite-Moreira MD, PhD

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  1. Inês Falcão-Pires MSc, PhD
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Correspondence to Inês Falcão-Pires MSc, PhD .

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  1. Academy of Athens, Biomedical Research Foundation, Athens, Greece

    Dennis V. Cokkinos

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Falcão-Pires, I., Leite-Moreira, A.F. (2015). Animal Models of Cardiovascular Disease. In: Cokkinos, D. (eds) Introduction to Translational Cardiovascular Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08798-6_19

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