Abstract
In this contribution, we focus on reject options for prototype-based classifiers, and we present a comparison of reject options based on statistical models for prototype-based classification as compared to alternatives which are motivated by simple geometric principles. We compare the behavior of generative models such as Gaussian mixture models and discriminative ones to results from robust soft learning vector quantization. It turns out that (i) reject options based on simple geometric show a comparable quality as compared to reject options based on statistical approaches. This behavior of the simple options offers a nice alternative towards making a probabilistic modeling and allowing a more fine-grained control of the size of the remaining data in many settings. It is shown that (ii) discriminative models provide a better classification accuracy also when combined with reject strategies based on probabilistic models as compared to generative ones.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bache, K., Lichman, M.: UCI machine learning repository (2013)
Beyer, O., Cimiano, P.: Online Semi-Supervised Growing Neural Gas. Int. J. Neural Syst. 22(5) (2012)
Bishop, C.M.: Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. Springer (2006)
Chow, C.K.: On Optimum Recognition Error and Reject Tradeoff. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 16(1), 41–46 (1970)
De Stefano, C., Sansone, C., Vento, M.: To Reject or Not to Reject: That is the Question-An Answer in Case of Neural Classifiers. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C 30(1), 84–94 (2000)
Delany, S.J., Cunningham, P., Doyle, D., Zamolotskikh, A.: Generating Estimates of Classification Confidence for a Case-Based Spam Filter. In: Muñoz-Ávila, H., Ricci, F. (eds.) ICCBR 2005. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 3620, pp. 177–190. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
Devarakota, P.R., Mirbach, B., Ottersten, B.: Confidence Estimation in Classification Decision: A Method for Detecting Unseen Patterns. In: Int. Conf. on Advances in Pattern Recognition, ICAPR 2007 (2006)
Fischer, L., Hammer, B., Wersing, H.: Rejection Strategies for Learning Vector Quantization (submitted)
Fumera, G., Roli, F., Giacinto, G.: Reject option with multiple thresholds. Pattern Recognition 33(12), 2099–2101 (2000)
Hammer, B., Hofmann, D., Schleif, F.-M., Zhu, X.: Learning vector quantization for (dis-)similarities. Neurocomputing (accepted)
Herbei, R., Wegkamp, M.H.: Classification with reject option. Can. J. Statistics 34(4), 709–721 (2006)
Hu, R., Delany, S.J., Namee, B.M.: Sampling with Confidence: Using k-NN Confidence Measures in Active Learning. In: Proceedings of the UKDS Workshop at 8th Int. Conf. on Case-based Reasoning, ICCBR 2009, pp. 181–192 (2009)
Ishidera, E., Nishiwaki, D., Sato, A.: A confidence value estimation method for handwritten Kanji character recognition and its application to candidate reduction. Int. J. on Document Analysis and Recognition 6(4), 263–270 (2004)
Kirstein, S., Wersing, H., Gross, H.-M., Körner, E.: A Life-Long Learning Vector Quantization Approach for Interactive Learning of Multiple Categories. Neural Networks 28, 90–105 (2012)
Kohonen, T.: Self-Organization and Associative Memory, 3rd edn. Springer Series in Information Sciences. Springer (1989)
Landgrebe, T., Tax, D.M.J., Paclík, P., Duin, R.P.W.: The interaction between classification and reject performance for distance-based reject-option classifiers. Pattern Recognition Letters 27(8), 908–917 (2006)
Martinetz, T., Berkovich, S., Schulten, K.: Neural-gas Network for Vector Quantization and its Application to Time-Series Prediction. IEEE-Transactions on Neural Networks 4(4), 558–569 (1993)
Martinetz, T., Schulten, K.: Topology representing networks. Neural Networks 7(3), 507–522 (1994)
Nadeem, M.S.A., Zucker, J.-D., Hanczar, B.: Accuracy-Rejection Curves (ARCs) for Comparing Classification Methods with a Reject Option. In: MLSB, pp. 65–81 (2010)
Platt, J.C.: Probabilistic Outputs for Support Vector Machines and Comparisons to Regularized Likelihood Methods. In: Advances in Large Margin Classifiers, May 23. MIT Press (1999)
Sato, A., Yamada, K.: Generalized Learning Vector Quantization. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, vol. 7, pp. 423–429 (1995)
Schneider, P., Biehl, M., Hammer, B.: Distance learning in discriminative vector quantization. Neural Computation 21(10), 2942–2969 (2009)
Seo, S., Obermayer, K.: Soft Learning Lector Quantization. Neural Computation 15(7), 1589–1604 (2003)
Thodberg, H.H.: Tecator data set, contained in StatLib Datasets Archive (1995)
Vailaya, A., Jain, A.K.: Reject Option for VQ-Based Bayesian Classification. In: Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 2048–2051 (2000)
Villmann, T., Haase, S.: Divergence-Based Vector Quantization. Neural Computation 23(5), 1343–1392 (2011)
Wu, T.-F., Lin, C.-J., Weng, R.C.: Probability Estimates for Multi-class Classification by Pairwise Coupling. J. of Machine Learning Research 5, 975–1005 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fischer, L., Nebel, D., Villmann, T., Hammer, B., Wersing, H. (2014). Rejection Strategies for Learning Vector Quantization – A Comparison of Probabilistic and Deterministic Approaches. In: Villmann, T., Schleif, FM., Kaden, M., Lange, M. (eds) Advances in Self-Organizing Maps and Learning Vector Quantization. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 295. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07695-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07695-9_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07694-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-07695-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)