Introduction
- 615 Downloads
Abstract
As much as the differences between perspectives can divide environmental philosophers across the globe, they can also be a source of fruitful exchange; the different approaches can learn from each other and challenge each other’s blind spots. On the one hand, the New World idea of a pristine wilderness devoid of human effects has been deflated when it became apparent that many wilderness areas had been profoundly affected by humans before European conquest and settlement. On the other hand, it is clear by now that preserving the typical Old World cultural-historic landscapes is becoming more and more expensive and difficult. This introduction first sketches the main difference between Old World and New World approaches, and show that both approaches struggle with similar problems. Next, it indicates how New Worlders and Old Worlders respond to these problems. And finally, it gives a brief outline of this volume.
Keywords
Ecosystem Service Ecological Restoration Wolf Manager Environmental Philosophy World ApproachReferences
- Alagona, P.S., J. Sandlos, and Y.F. Wiersma. 2012. Past imperfect: Using historical ecology and baseline data for conservation and restoration projects in North America. Environmental Philosophy 9(1): 49–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Anderson, M.K. 2006. Tending the wild. Native American knowledge and the management of California’s natural resources. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
- Balmford, A. 2012. Wild hope. On the front lines of conservation success. Chicago/London: The University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Choi, Y.D. 2004. Theories for ecological restoration in changing environment: Toward ‘Futuristic’ restoration. Ecological Research 19: 75–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Choi, Y.D. 2007. Restoration ecology to the future: A call for new paradigm. Restoration Ecology 15(2): 351–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Choi, Y.D., V.M. Temperton, E.B. Allen, A.P. Grootjans, M. Halassy, R.J. Hobbs, M.A. Naeth, and K. Torok. 2008. Ecological restoration for future sustainability in a changing environment. Ecoscience 15(1): 53–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Donlan, J.C., et al. 2005. Re-wilding North America. Nature 436: 913–914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Donlan, J.C., et al. 2006. Pleistocene rewilding: An optimistic agenda for twenty-first century conservation. The American Naturalist 168: 160–183.Google Scholar
- Higgs, E. 2012. ‘Historicity and Novelty in Ecological Restoration.’. In Ethical adaptation to climate change: Human virtues of the future, ed. A. Thompson and Bendik-Keymer Jeremy, 81–101. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
- Hobbs, R.J., L.M. Hallett, P.R. Ehrlich, and H.A. Mooney. 2011. Intervention ecology: Applying ecological science in the twenty-first century. BioScience 61(6): 442–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hobbs, R.J., E.S. Higgs, and C.M. Hall (eds.). 2013. Novel ecosystems. Intervening in the new ecological order. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
- Keulartz, J. 2012. The emergence of enlightened anthropocentrism in ecological restoration. Nature and Culture 7(1): 48–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Keulartz, J. 2013. Conservation through commodification. Ethic, Policy & Environment 16(3): 294–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Marris, E. 2011. Rambunctious garden. Saving nature in a post-wild world. New York: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
- Martin, V.G., C.F. Kormos, F. Zunino, T. Meyer, U. Doerner, and T. Aykroyd. 2008. Wilderness momentum in Europe. International Journal of Wilderness 14(2): 34–43.Google Scholar
- Olwig, K. 1996. Reinventing common nature: Yosemite and Mt. Rushmore. In Uncommon ground: Rethinking the human place in nature, ed. W. Cronon, 379–408. New York: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar
- Perring, M., and E. Ellis. 2013. The extent of novel ecosystems: Long in time and broad in space. In Novel ecosystems. Intervening in the new ecological order, ed. R. Hobbs, E. Higgs, and C. Hall, 66–80. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Schama, S. 1995. Landscape and memory. London: HarperCollins Publishers.Google Scholar
- Vera, F. 2009. Large-scale nature development – The Oostvaardersplassen. British Wildlife 20(5) (Special supplement), 28–36.Google Scholar