Skip to main content
View expanded cover

Clinical Autonomic Dysfunction pp 99–107Cite as

Interpreting Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Results

  • 1661 Accesses

Abstract

The interpretation algorithm presented in this chapter only assesses the patient’s ANS. It has no “knowledge” of the patient or patient history. It assumes an otherwise healthy individual. While multiple ANS symptoms may be demonstrated simultaneously, they must all must be considered together and together with the patient’s history in mind. The software can diagnose the ANS, but not the ANS in light of the patient’s history. This is where the physician’s experience and knowledge of the specific patient history, physical examination, laboratory data, and other pertinent diagnostic tests are needed. The report from many physicians is that the software only highlights autonomic dysfunction. The true interpretation comes when these highlights are applied to the specific patient history, etc. Only then are appropriate therapy plans developed and is the physician ready to speak with the patient.

Keywords

  • Autonomic Dysfunction
  • Valsalva Maneuver
  • Parasympathetic Activity
  • Ectopic Beat
  • Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07371-2_7
  • Chapter length: 9 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-319-07371-2
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Softcover Book
USD   199.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Hardcover Book
USD   249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions
Fig. 7.1
Fig. 7.2
Fig. 7.3
Fig. 7.4
Fig. 7.5
Fig. 7.6
Fig. 7.7
Fig. 7.8
Fig. 7.9

References

  1. Tsuji H, Venditti Jr FJ, Manders ES, Evans JC, Larson MG, Feldman CL, Levy D. Reduced heart rate variability and mortality risk in an elderly cohort. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1994;90(2):878–83.

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  2. Umetani K, Singer DH, McCraty R, Atkinson M. Twenty-four hour time domain heart rate variability and heart rate: relations to age and gender over nine decades. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31(3):593–601.

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  3. Arora RR, Ghosh Dastidar S, Colombo J. Autonomic balance is associated with decreased morbidity. American Autonomic Society, 17th International Symposium, Kauai, 29 Oct – 1 Nov, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Waheed A, Ali MA, Jurivich DA, et al. Gender differences in longevity and autonomic function. Presented at the Geriatric Medicine Society Meeting, Chicago. 3–7 May , 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Litchman JH, Bigger Jr JT, Blumenthal JA, et al. Depression and coronary heart disease recommendations for screening, referral, and treatment: a science advisory from the American Heart Association Prevention Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: endorsed by the American Psychiatric Association. Circulation. 2008;118:1768–75.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  6. Carney RM, Blumenthal JA, Freedland KE, Stein PK, Howells WB, Berkman LF, Watkins LL, Czajkowski SM, Hayano J, Domitrovich PP, Jaffe AS. Low heart rate variability and the effect of depression on post–myocardial infarction mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1486–91.

    PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  7. Davidson KW, Rieckmann N, Lesperance F. Psychological theories of depression: potential application for the prevention of acute coronary syndrome recurrence. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:165–73.

    PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  8. Lett HS, Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Sherwood A, Strauman T, Robins C, Newman MF. Depression as a risk factor for coronary artery disease: evidence, mechanisms, and treatment. Psychosom Med. 2004;66:305–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F, Gravel G, Masson A, Juneau M, Talajic M, Bourassa MG. Social support, depression, and mortality during the first year after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2000;101:1919–24.

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  10. Gavard JA, Lustman PJ, Clouse RE. Prevalence of depression in adults with diabetes. An epidemiological evaluation. Diabetes Care. 1993;16:1167–78.

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  11. Arora RR, Iffrig K, Colombo J. Geriatric female longevity associated with elevated parasympathetic tone. Can the same be affected in geriatric males? Presented at the American Autonomic Society’s 17th International Symposium on the Autonomic Nervous System, Rio Grande, PR. 1–4 Nov, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Vinik AI, Murray GL. Autonomic neuropathy is treatable. US Endocrinol. 2008;2:82–4.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Tobias H, Vinitsky A, Bulgarelli RJ, Ghosh-Dastidar S, Colombo J. Autonomic nervous system monitoring of patients with excess parasympathetic responses to sympathetic challenges – clinical observations. US Neurol. 2010;5(2):62–6.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Goldsmith RL, Bloomfield DM, Rosenwinkel ET. Exercise and autonomic function. Coron Artery Dis. 2000;11:129–35.

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  15. Arumanayagam M, Chan S, Tong S, Sanderson JE. Antioxidant properties of Carvedilol and Metoprolol in heart failure: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2001;37:48–54.

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  16. Remme WJ, Cleland JG, Erhardt L, Spark P, Torp-Pedersen C, Metra M, Komajda M, Moullet C, Lukas MA, Poole-Wilson P, Di LA, Swedberg K. Effect of carvedilol and metoprolol on the mode of death in patients with heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9:1128–35.

    CAS  PubMed  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  17. Arora RR, Bulgarelli RJ, Ghosh-Dastidar S, Colombo J. Autonomic mechanisms and therapeutic implications of postural diabetic cardiovascular abnormalities. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2008;2(4):568–71.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  18. Low PA, editor. Clinical autonomic disorders: evaluation and management. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Nanavati SH, Bulgarelli RJ, Vazquez-Tanus J, Ghosh-Dastidar S, Colombo J, Arora RR. Altered autonomic activity with atrial fibrillation as demonstrated by non-invasive autonomic monitoring. US Cardiol. 2010;7(1):47–50.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Autonomic Laboratory Department of Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Joseph Colombo PhD

  2. ANSAR Medical Technologies, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Joseph Colombo PhD

  3. Department of Medicine, Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center, North Chicago, IL, USA

    Rohit Arora MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP, FSCAI

  4. Department of Cardiology, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA

    Rohit Arora MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP, FSCAI

  5. Department of Cardiology, Hahnemann Hospital Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Nicholas L. DePace MD, FACC

  6. Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School Strelitz Diabetes Research Center, Norfolk, VA, USA

    Aaron I. Vinik MD, PhD, FCP, MACP

Authors
  1. Joseph Colombo PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rohit Arora MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP, FSCAI
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nicholas L. DePace MD, FACC
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Aaron I. Vinik MD, PhD, FCP, MACP
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Colombo, J., Arora, R., DePace, N.L., Vinik, A.I. (2015). Interpreting Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Results. In: Clinical Autonomic Dysfunction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07371-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07371-2_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-07370-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-07371-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)