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Clinical Autonomic Dysfunction pp 227–237Cite as

Hypertension

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Abstract

This chapter discusses hypertension. The sympathetic nervous system mediates baroreceptor reflex, which medicates blood pressure. Chronic elevations in sympathetic activity lead to elevations in blood pressure which may lead to hypertension. Elevations in sympathetic activity may be a primary autonomic condition or it may be secondary to a parasympathetic excess. This differentiation helps to differentiate between primary hypertensive disorders and labile or difficult to control hypertension, sometimes known as autonomically mediated hypertension. The difficulty in control may be due to a hidden parasympathetic excess thwarting therapy by being exacerbated by the therapy. Another possible form of secondary hypertension is as a reflex to orthostatic dysfunction. These patients are those whose dizziness is exacerbated when their BP is reduced and whose BP is exacerbated when their dizziness is relieved. P&S monitoring provides more information to document and manage hypertension.

Keywords

  • Autonomic Dysfunction
  • Parasympathetic Activity
  • Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy
  • mmHg Diastolic
  • Parasympathetic Response

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07371-2_20
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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Autonomic Laboratory Department of Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Joseph Colombo PhD

  2. ANSAR Medical Technologies, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Joseph Colombo PhD

  3. Department of Medicine, Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center, North Chicago, IL, USA

    Rohit Arora MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP, FSCAI

  4. Department of Cardiology, The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA

    Rohit Arora MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP, FSCAI

  5. Department of Cardiology, Hahnemann Hospital Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Nicholas L. DePace MD, FACC

  6. Department of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School Strelitz Diabetes Research Center, Norfolk, VA, USA

    Aaron I. Vinik MD, PhD, FCP, MACP

Authors
  1. Joseph Colombo PhD
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  2. Rohit Arora MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP, FSCAI
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  3. Nicholas L. DePace MD, FACC
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  4. Aaron I. Vinik MD, PhD, FCP, MACP
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Colombo, J., Arora, R., DePace, N.L., Vinik, A.I. (2015). Hypertension. In: Clinical Autonomic Dysfunction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07371-2_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07371-2_20

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