Abstract
Depression is associated with parasympathetic excess (PE), whether at rest or during Valsalva or stand. Typically, Valsalva or stand PE is associated with unstable patients, including difficult to control BP, blood glucose, or hormone level, and stand PE can mask sympathetic withdrawal (SW) which is associated with orthostatic dysfunction. In cases of depression, Valsalva or stand PE often involves depression with anxiety, high BP, pain, or hyperactivity, i.e., bipolar, manic depression, anxiety, hypertension with depression, chronic regional pain syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, or attention-deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity. Physiologically, the PE amplifies the sympathetic response, causing a seemingly normal individual at rest to react excessively. Since the sympathetic nervous system is the reactionary nervous system, it should not be surprising that the Valsalva or stand PE is the primary autonomic disorder. Treating the PE enables the sympathetics to react less excessively, normalizing those responses, thereby normalizing BP or other responses. Stand PE masking SW helps to document and treat dizzy hypertensives. Resting PE is associated with clinical or subclinical depression and is the PE that elevates mortality risk in heart disease patients.
Keywords
- Depressive Symptom
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Parasympathetic Activity
- Sympathetic Blockade
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Colombo, J., Arora, R., DePace, N.L., Vinik, A.I. (2015). Depression. In: Clinical Autonomic Dysfunction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07371-2_16
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