Skip to main content

Influence of Relative Humidity on the Thermomechanical Behavior of PA6.6

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Volume 6

Abstract

An experimental protocol was developed to achieve complete energy balances associated with low cycle fatigue (LCF) of a polyamide 6.6 matrix (PA6.6). The protocol involves quantitative infrared techniques (IRT), and digital speckle image correlation (DIC). IRT data were used with a local heat diffusion equation to estimate strain-induced heat sources, namely dissipation and coupling sources, while DIC enabled strain and stress assessments. Both techniques were then successfully combined to quantify deformation, dissipated and stored energies and then to estimate the Taylor-Quinney ratio that is widely used in plasticity.

In this paper, the effects of loading frequency and relative humidity were investigated. It was shown that an increase of relative humidity resulted in a decrease in the mean stored energy rate per cycle, while the stored energy ratio was much smaller at low than at high loading frequency. In addition, it was found that this ratio could be negative at the last fatigue stage, just before macroscopic crack inception. These energy properties will act safeguards for the future development of a thermomechanical model of PA6.6 matrix behavior.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Farren WS, Taylor GI (1925) The heat developed during plastic extension of metals. Proc R Soc A 107:422–451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Taylor GI, Quinney H (1934) The latent energy remaining in a metal after cold working. Proc R Soc A 14(3):307–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Williams RO (1967) In: Herman H (ed) Experimental methods of materials research, vol 1. Interscience, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. S. LI. Leach (1970) Physicochemical measurements in metals research, vol 4. R.A. Rapp (ed) Interscience, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chrysochoos A (1985) Energy balance for elastic plastic deformation at finite strain (in French). J Theor Appl Mech 5:589–614

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chrysochoos A, Maisonneuve O, Martin G, Caumon H, Chezeaux JC (1989) Plastic and dissipated work and stored energy. Nucl Eng Des 114:323–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Mason J, Rosakis A, Ravichandran G (1994) On the strain and strain rate dependence of the fraction of plastic work converted to heat: : an experimental study using high speed infrared detectors and the Kolsky bar. Mech Mater 17:135–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rittel D (1999) On the conversion of plastic work to heat during high strain rate deformation of glassy polymers. Mech Mater 31:131–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Rosakis P, Rosakis AJ, Ravichandran G, Hodowany J (2000) A thermodynamic internal variable model for the partition of plastic work into heat and stored energy in metals. J Mech Phys Solids 48:581–607

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Oliferuk W, Maj M, Raniecki B (2004) Experimental analysis of energy storage rate components during tensile deformation of polycrystals. Mater Sci Eng A 374:77–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Halphen B, Nguyen QS (1975) On the generalized standards materials (in French). Journal de Mécanique 14(I):39–63

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Chrysochoos A, Louche H (2000) An infrared image processing to analyse the calorific effects accompanying strain localisation. Int J Eng Sci 38:1759–1788

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Berthel B, Chrysochoos A, Wattrisse B, Galtier A (2008) Infrared image processing for the calorimetric analysis of fatigue phenomena. Exp Mech 48:79–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Honorat V, Moreau S, Muracciole JM, Wattrisse B, Chrysochoos A (2005) Calorimetric analysis of polymer behaviour using a pixel calibration of an IRFPA camera. Qirt J 2:153–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Boulanger T, Chrysochoos A, Mabru C, Galtier A (2004) Calorimetric analysis of dissipative and thermoelastic effects associated with the fatigue behavior of steels. Int J Fatigue 26:221–229

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Wattrisse B, Chrysochoos A, Muracciole J-M, Némoz-Gaillard M (2001) Analysis of strain localization during tensile tests by digital image correlation. Exp Mech 41:29–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Dillon OWJ (1966) The heat generated during the torsional oscillations of copper tubes. Int J Solids Struct 2:181–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Benaarbia A, Chrysochoos A, Robert G (2014) Kinetics of stored and dissipated energies associated with cyclic loadings of dry polyamide 6.6 specimens. Polym Test 34:155–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Oliferuk W, Korbel A, Bochniak W (2001) Energy balance and macroscopic strain localization during plastic deformation of polycrystalline metals. Mater Sci Eng A 319:250–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Solvay Engineering Plastics for supporting this work and for providing material data and specimens. This work benefited from the financial support of the French Minister for Research (ANRT) and was performed in the framework of the European DURAFIP project

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adil Benaarbia .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 The Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc.

About this paper

Cite this paper

Benaarbia, A., Chrysochoos, A., Robert, G. (2015). Influence of Relative Humidity on the Thermomechanical Behavior of PA6.6. In: Sottos, N., Rowlands, R., Dannemann, K. (eds) Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Volume 6. Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06989-0_23

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06989-0_23

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-06988-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-06989-0

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics