Abstract
Impaired bladder and sphincter function can be altered by various treatment modalities. Electrostimulation is one of the therapeutic options that has been used in urology for many years. The sites where the stimulation is applied have included anal, intravaginal, intravesical, tibial, and transcutaneous locations on a body surface. The success rate of those stimulation techniques varies to some degree, and this may be the reason why most of the stimulation treatment options did not gain wide acceptance. Thanks to the work of Tanagho and Schmidt first and later other urologists, chronic stimulation of the sacral nerves (sacral neuromodulation (SNM) became one of the most accepted stimulation treatment modalities in functional urology today.
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Spinelli, M. (2015). Sacral Nerve Modulation: Techniques and Indications. In: Martellucci, J. (eds) Electrical Stimulation for Pelvic Floor Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06947-0_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06947-0_10
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