Advertisement

Oil Palm Biomass as an Adsorbent for Heavy Metals

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology book series (RECT, volume 232)

Abstract

In recent decades, increases in the world’s population, unplanned urbanization, industrialization, agricultural activities, and expanded use of chemicals, has contributed to environmental contamination via emission of wastes and pollutants. Wastes (both inorganic and organic) that are produced by human activities have resulted in high volumes of contaminated water, contact with or consumption of which poses health threats to living organisms, including humans (Ahmad et al. 2010, 2012).

Keywords

Heavy Metal Activate Carbon Sorption Capacity Palm Kernel Empty Fruit Bunch 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Notes

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the research grant provided by the Universiti Sains Malaysia under the Short Term Grant Scheme (Project No. 304/PTEKIND/6312008).

References

  1. Abdelwahab O, Amin NK, El-Ashtoukhy ESZ (2013) Removal of zinc ions from aqueous solution using a cation exchange resin. Chem Eng Res Des 91(1):165–173Google Scholar
  2. Abdullah A, Salamatinia B, Kamaruddin A (2009) Application of response surface methodology for the optimization of NaOH treatment on oil palm frond towards improvement in the sorption of heavy metals. Desalination 244(1):227–238Google Scholar
  3. Abia A, Asuquo E (2006) Lead (II) and nickel (II) adsorption kinetics from aqueous metal solutions using chemically modified and unmodified agricultural adsorbents. Afr J Biotechnol 5(16):1475–1482Google Scholar
  4. Abia A, Asuquo E (2007) Kinetics of Cd2+ and Cr3+ sorption from aqueous solutions using mercaptoacetic acid modified and unmodified oil palm fruit fibre(elaeis guineensis) adsorbents. Tsinghua Sci Technol 12(4):485–492Google Scholar
  5. Abia A, Asuquo E (2008) Sorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions onto chemically unmodified and modified oil palm fruit fibre adsorbent: Analysis of pseudo second order kinetic models. Indian J Chem Technol 15(4):341–348Google Scholar
  6. Abu Al-Rub FA (2006) Biosorption of zinc on palm tree leaves: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies. Sep Sci Technol 41(15):3499–3515Google Scholar
  7. Agarwal G, Bhuptawat HK, Chaudhari S (2006) Biosorption of aqueous chromium(VI) by Tamarindus indica seeds. Bioresour Technol 97(7):949–956Google Scholar
  8. Ahalya N, Kanamadi ND, Ramachandra TV (2006) Biosorption of Iron (III) from aqueous solutions using the husk of cicer arietinum. Indian J Chem Technol 13:122–127Google Scholar
  9. Ahluwalia SS, Goyal D (2007) Microbial and plant derived biomass for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Bioresour Technol 98(12):2243–2257Google Scholar
  10. Ahmad T, Rafatullah M, Ghazali A, Sulaiman O, Hashim R, Ahmad A (2010) Removal of pesticides from water and wastewater by different adsorbents: A review. J Environ Sci Health C 28(4):231–271Google Scholar
  11. Ahmad T, Rafatullah M, Ghazali A, Sulaiman O, Hashim R (2011) Oil palm biomass–based adsorbents for the removal of water pollutants-A review. J Environ Sci Health C 29(3):177–222Google Scholar
  12. Ahmad T, Danish M, Rafatullah M, Ghazali A, Sulaiman O, Hashim R, Ibrahim MNM (2012) The use of date palm as a potential adsorbent for wastewater treatment: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 19(5):1464–1484Google Scholar
  13. Ahmaruzzaman M (2011) Industrial wastes as low-cost potential adsorbents for the treatment of wastewater laden with heavy metals. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 166(1):36–59Google Scholar
  14. Ahmed Basha C, Bhadrinarayana N, Anantharaman N, Meera Sheriffa Begum K (2008) Heavy metal removal from copper smelting effluent using electrochemical cylindrical flow reactor. J Hazard Mater 152(1):71–78Google Scholar
  15. Ajmal M, Rao RAK, Ahmad R, Khan MA (2006) Adsorption studies on parthenium hysterophorous weed: removal and recovery of Cd(II) from wastewater. J Hazard Mater 135(1):242–248Google Scholar
  16. Akaninwor J, Wegwu M, Iba I (2007) Removal of iron, zinc and magnesium from polluted water samples using thioglycolic modified oil-palm fibre. Afr J Biochem Res 1(2):011–013Google Scholar
  17. Akar ST, Akar T, Kaynak Z, Anilan B, Cabuk A, Tabak O, Demir TA, Gedikbey T (2009) Removal of copper(II) ions from synthetic solution and real wastewater by the combined action of dried Trametes versicolor cells and montmorillonite. Hydrometallurgy 97(1–2):98–104Google Scholar
  18. Akhtar N, Iqbal J, Iqbal M (2004) Removal and recovery of nickel(II) from aqueous solution by loofa sponge-immobilized biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana: characterization studies. J Hazard Mater 108(1–2):85–94Google Scholar
  19. Aksu Z, İşoğlu İA (2005) Removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous solution by biosorption onto agricultural waste sugar beet pulp. Process Biochem 40(9):3031–3044Google Scholar
  20. Al Aji B, Yavuz Y, Koparal AS (2012) Electrocoagulation of heavy metals containing model wastewater using monopolar iron electrodes. Sep Purif Technol 86:248–254Google Scholar
  21. Al Rmalli SW, Dahmani AA, Abuein MM, Gleza AA (2008) Biosorption of mercury from aqueous solutions by powdered leaves of castor tree (Ricinus communis L.). J Hazard Mater 152(3):955–959Google Scholar
  22. Alam MZ, Muyibi SA, Kamaldin N (2008) Production of Activated carbon from oil palm empty fruit bunches for removal of zinc. In: Twelfth international water technology conference (IWTC12), Egypt, Alexandria, pp 1–11Google Scholar
  23. Alomá I, Martín-Lara M, Rodríguez I, Blázquez G, Calero M (2012) Removal of nickel (II) ions from aqueous solutions by biosorption on sugarcane bagasse. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 43(2):275–281Google Scholar
  24. Aman T, Kazi AA, Sabri MU, Bano Q (2008) Potato peels as solid waste for the removal of heavy metal copper (II) from waste water/industrial effluent. Colloid Surf B 63(1):116–121Google Scholar
  25. Amarasinghe B, Williams R (2007) Tea waste as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu and Pb from wastewater. Chem Eng J 132(1):299–309Google Scholar
  26. Anwar J, Shafique U, Salman M, Dar A, Anwar S (2010) Removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II) from water by adsorption on peels of banana. Bioresour Technol 101(6):1752–1755Google Scholar
  27. Asubiojo O, Ajelabi O (2009) Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters using natural adsorbents. Toxicol Environ Chem 91(5):883–890Google Scholar
  28. Aziz A, Ouali MS, Elandaloussi EH, De Menorval LC, Lindheimer M (2009) Chemically modified olive stone: a low-cost sorbent for heavy metals and basic dyes removal from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 163(1):441–447Google Scholar
  29. Babarinde NA, Babalola JO, Sanni RA (2006) Biosorption of lead ions from aqueous solution by maize leaf. Int J Phys Sci 1(1):23–26Google Scholar
  30. Bailey SE, Olin TJ, Bricka RM, Adrian DD (1999) A review of potentially low-cost sorbents for heavy metals. Water Res 33(11):2469–2479Google Scholar
  31. Barakat M, Schmidt E (2010) Polymer-enhanced ultrafiltration process for heavy metals removal from industrial wastewater. Desalination 256(1):90–93Google Scholar
  32. Basso M, Cerrella E, Cukierman A (2002) Lignocellulosic materials as potential biosorbents of trace toxic metals from wastewater. Ind Eng Chem Res 41(15):3580–3585Google Scholar
  33. Bhatnagar A, Minocha A, Sillanpää M (2010) Adsorptive removal of cobalt from aqueous solution by utilizing lemon peel as biosorbent. Biochem Eng J 48(2):181–186Google Scholar
  34. Bhattacharya A, Mandal S, Das S et al (2006) Adsorption of Zn (II) from aqueous solution by using different adsorbents. Chem Eng J 123(1):43–51Google Scholar
  35. Blázquez G, Martín-Lara M, Tenorio G, Calero M (2011) Batch biosorption of lead (II) from aqueous solutions by olive tree pruning waste: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic study. Chem Eng J 168(1):170–177Google Scholar
  36. Bulgariu L, Ratoi M, Bulgariu D, Macoveanu M (2009) Adsorption potential of mercury (II) from aqueous solutions onto Romanian peat moss. J Environ Sci Health A 44(7):700–706Google Scholar
  37. Bulut Y, Tez Z (2007a) Adsorption studies on ground shells of hazelnut and almond. J Hazard Mater 149(1):35–41Google Scholar
  38. Bulut Y, Tez Z (2007b) Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by sawdust adsorption. J Environ Sci 19(2):160–166Google Scholar
  39. Chafi M, Gourich B, Essadki AH, Vial C, Fabregat A (2011) Comparison of electrocoagulation using iron and aluminium electrodes with chemical coagulation for the removal of a highly soluble acid dye. Desalination 281:285–292Google Scholar
  40. Chakravarty P, Sarma NS, Sarma H (2010) Biosorption of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution using heartwood powder of Areca catechu. Chem Eng J 162(3):949–955Google Scholar
  41. Chandra Sekhar K, Kamala C, Chary N, Sastry A, Nageswara Rao T, Vairamani M (2004) Removal of lead from aqueous solutions using an immobilized biomaterial derived from a plant biomass. J Hazard Mater 108(1):111–117Google Scholar
  42. Chatterjee S, Bhattacharjee I, Chandra G (2010) Biosorption of heavy metals from industrial waste water by Geobacillus thermodenitrificans. J Hazard Mater 175(1):117–125Google Scholar
  43. Chen D, Li Y, Zhang J, Li W, Zhou J, Shao L, Qian G (2012) Efficient removal of dyes by a novel magnetic Fe3O4/ZnCr-layered double hydroxide adsorbent from heavy metal wastewater. J Hazard Mater 243:152–160Google Scholar
  44. Chong H, Chia P, Ahmad M (2012) The adsorption of heavy metal by Bornean oil palm shell and its potential application as constructed wetland media. Bioresour Technol 130:181–186Google Scholar
  45. Chu KH, Hashim MA (2002) Adsorption and desorption characteristics of zinc on ash particles derived from oil palm waste. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 77(6):685–693Google Scholar
  46. Chu K, Hashim M (2003) Kinetic studies of copper (II) and nickel (II) adsorption by oil palm ash. J Ind Eng Chem 9(2):163–167Google Scholar
  47. Das N, Vimala R, Karthika P (2008) Biosorption of heavy metals—an overview. Indian J Biotechnol 7:159–169Google Scholar
  48. Demirbas A (2008) Heavy metal adsorption onto agro-based waste materials: a review. J Hazard Mater 157(2):220–229Google Scholar
  49. Demirbas A, Sari A, Isildak O (2006) Adsorption thermodynamics of stearic acid onto bentonite. J Hazard Mater 135(1):226–231Google Scholar
  50. Duruibe J, Ogwuegbu M, Egwurugwu J (2007) Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects. Int J Phys Sci 2(5):112–118Google Scholar
  51. Egashira R, Tanabe S, Habaki H (2012) Adsorption of heavy metals in mine wastewater by Mongolian natural zeolite. Procedia Eng 42:54–64Google Scholar
  52. Elizalde-González MP, Mattusch J, Wennrich R (2008) Chemically modified maize cobs waste with enhanced adsorption properties upon methyl orange and arsenic. Bioresour Technol 99(11):5134–5139Google Scholar
  53. El-Sayed GO, Dessouki HA, Ibrahiem SS (2011) Removal of zn(ii), cd(ii) and mn(ii) from aqueous solutions by adsorption on maize stalks. Malayas J Anal Sci 15(1):8–21Google Scholar
  54. Eom Y, Won JH, Ryu J-Y, Lee TG (2011) Biosorption of mercury (II) ions from aqueous solution by garlic (Allium sativum L.) powder. Korean J Chem Eng 28(6):1439–1443Google Scholar
  55. Ertugay N, Bayhan Y (2010) The removal of copper (II) ion by using mushroom biomass (Agaricus bisporus) and kinetic modelling. Desalination 255(1):137–142Google Scholar
  56. Fan H-T, Sun T, Xu H-B, Yang Y-J, Tang Q, Sun Y (2011) Removal of arsenic (V) from aqueous solutions using 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino) ethylamino] propyl-trimethoxysilane functionalized silica gel adsorbent. Desalination 278(1):238–243Google Scholar
  57. Feng N, Guo X, Liang S, Zhu Y, Liu J (2011) Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by chemically modified orange peel. J Hazard Mater 185(1):49–54Google Scholar
  58. Fu F, Xie L, Tang B, Wang Q, Jiang S (2012) Application of a novel strategy—advanced Fenton-chemical precipitation to the treatment of strong stability chelated heavy metal containing wastewater. Chem Eng J 189:283–287Google Scholar
  59. García-Gabaldón M, Pérez-Herranz V, García-Antón J, Guinon J (2006) Electrochemical recovery of tin from the activating solutions of the electroless plating of polymers: galvanostatic operation. Sep Purif Technol 51(2):143–149Google Scholar
  60. García-Mendieta A, Olguín MT, Solache-Ríos M (2012) Biosorption properties of green tomato husk (Physalis philadelphica Lam) for iron, manganese and iron–manganese from aqueous systems. Desalination 284:167–174Google Scholar
  61. Gübbük IH, Hatay I, Coşkun A, Ersöz M (2009) Immobilization of oxime derivative on silica gel for the preparation of new adsorbent. J Hazard Mater 172(2):1532–1537Google Scholar
  62. Gulnaziya I, Kheireddine AM, Kim CS (2012) Biomodification of palm shell activated carbon using Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis and its effect on the adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solutions. Afr J Biotechnol 11(82):14812–14821Google Scholar
  63. Gundogdu A, Ozdes D, Duran C, Bulut VN, Soylak M, Senturk HB (2009) Biosorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by pine bark (Pinus brutia Ten.). Chem Eng J 153(1):62–69Google Scholar
  64. Güzel F, Yakut H, Topal G (2008) Determination of kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the batch adsorption of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by black carrot (Daucus carota L.) residues. J Hazard Mater 153(3):1275–1287Google Scholar
  65. Haron MJ, Tiansih M, Ibrahim NA, Kassim A, Yunus WMZW (2009) Sorption of Cu (II) by poly (Hydroxamic Acid) chelating exchanger prepared from polymethyl acrylate grafted oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). Bioresources 4(4):1305–1318Google Scholar
  66. Hasan S, Singh K, Prakash O, Talat M, Ho Y (2008) Removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions using agricultural waste ‘maize bran’. J Hazard Mater 152(1):356–365Google Scholar
  67. Hashem MA (2007) Adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solution by okra wastes. Int J Phys Sci 2:178–184Google Scholar
  68. Hashem A, Abdel-Halim E, El-Tahlawy KF, Hebeish A (2005) Enhancement of the adsorption of Co (II) and Ni (II) ions onto peanut hulls through esterification using citric acid. Adsorpt Sci Technol 23(5):367–380Google Scholar
  69. Ho Y-S (2003) Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by tree fern. Water Res 37(10):2323–2330Google Scholar
  70. Ho Y-S, Ofomaja AE (2005) Kinetics and thermodynamics of lead ion sorption on palm kernel fibre from aqueous solution. Process Biochem 40(11):3455–3461Google Scholar
  71. Ho Y-S, Ofomaja AE (2006a) Kinetic studies of copper ion adsorption on palm kernel fibre. J Hazard Mater 137(3):1796–1802Google Scholar
  72. Ho Y-S, Ofomaja AE (2006b) Pseudo-second-order model for lead ion sorption from aqueous solutions onto palm kernel fiber. J Hazard Mater 129(1–3):137–142Google Scholar
  73. Hossain M, Ngo H, Guo W, Nguyen T (2012) Palm oil fruit shells as biosorbent for copper removal from water and wastewater: experiments and sorption models. Bioresour Technol 113:97–101Google Scholar
  74. Ibrahim MNM, Nagah WSW, Norliyana MS, Daud WRW, Rafatullah M, Sulaiman O, Hashim R (2010) A novel agricultural waste adsorbent for the removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 182(1–3):377–385Google Scholar
  75. Ideriah T, David O, Ogbonna D (2012) Removal of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions using palm fruit fibre as adsorbent. J Environ Chem Ecotoxicol 4(4):82–90Google Scholar
  76. Igwe J, Abia A (2006) A bioseparation process for removing heavy metals from waste water using biosorbents. Afr J Biotechnol 5(11):1167–1179Google Scholar
  77. Isa MH et al (2008) Removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution using treated oil palm fibre. J Hazard Mater 152(2):662–668Google Scholar
  78. Israel U, Eduok U (2012) Biosorption of zinc from aqueous solution using coconut (Cocos nucifera L) coir dust. Arch Appl Sci Res 4(2):809–819Google Scholar
  79. Issabayeva G, Aroua MK, Sulaiman NMN (2006) Removal of lead from aqueous solutions on palm shell activated carbon. Bioresour Technol 97(18):2350–2355Google Scholar
  80. Issabayeva G, Aroua MK, Sulaiman NM (2008) Continuous adsorption of lead ions in a column packed with palm shell activated carbon. J Hazard Mater 155(1–2):109–113Google Scholar
  81. Iyagba ET, Opete OS (2009) Removal of chromium and lead from drill cuttings using activated palm kernel shell and husk. Afr J Environ Sci Technol 3(7):171–179Google Scholar
  82. Ji F, Li C, Tang B, Xu J, Lu G, Liu P (2012) Preparation of cellulose acetate/zeolite composite fiber and its adsorption behavior for heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. Chem Eng J 209:325–333Google Scholar
  83. Kabbashi NA, Elwathig M, Jamil INB (2011) Application of activated carbon from empty fruit bunch (EFB) for mercury [Hg (II)] removal from aqueous solution. Afr J Biotechnol 10(81):18768–18774Google Scholar
  84. Kalinci Y, Hepbasli A, Dincer I (2011) Comparative exergetic performance analysis of hydrogen production from oil palm wastes and some other biomasses. Int J Hydrogen Energy 36(17): 11399–11407Google Scholar
  85. Karvelas M, Katsoyiannis A, Samara C (2003) Occurrence and fate of heavy metals in the wastewater treatment process. Chemosphere 53(10):1201–1210Google Scholar
  86. Kazemipour M, Ansari M, Tajrobehkar S, Majdzadeh M, Kermani HR (2008) Removal of lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper from industrial wastewater by carbon developed from walnut, hazelnut, almond, pistachio shell, and apricot stone. J Hazard Mater 150(2):322–327Google Scholar
  87. Khalid N, Ali S, Iqbal A, Pervez S (2007) Sorption potential of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer beads for the decontamination of lead from aqueous media. Sep Sci Technol 42(1):203–222. doi: 10.1080/01496390600957041 Google Scholar
  88. Khan MA, Rao RAK, Ajmal M (2008) Heavy metal pollution and its control through non-conventional adsorbents (1998–2007): a review. J Int Environ Appl Sci 3(2):101–141Google Scholar
  89. Khoramzadeh E, Nasernejad B, Halladj R (2012) Mercury biosorption from aqueous solutions by Sugarcane Bagasse. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 44(2):266–269Google Scholar
  90. Khraisheh MA, Al-degs YS, Mcminn WA (2004) Remediation of wastewater containing heavy metals using raw and modified diatomite. Chem Eng J 99(2):177–184Google Scholar
  91. Kobya M, Demirbas E, Senturk E, Ince M (2005) Adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by activated carbon prepared from apricot stone. Bioresour Technol 96(13):1518–1521Google Scholar
  92. Ku Y, Chiou H-M (2002) The adsorption of fluoride ion from aqueous solution by activated alumina. Water Air Soil Pollut 133(1–4):349–361Google Scholar
  93. Kurniawan TA, Chan G, Lo W-H, Babel S (2006) Physico–chemical treatment techniques for wastewater laden with heavy metals. Chem Eng J 118(1):83–98Google Scholar
  94. Li Z, Imaizumi S, Katsumi T, Inui T, Tang X, Tang Q (2010) Manganese removal from aqueous solution using a thermally decomposed leaf. J Hazard Mater 177(1–3):501–507Google Scholar
  95. Liang S, Guo X, Tian Q (2011) Adsorption of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solutions by sulfured orange peel. Desalination 275(1):212–216Google Scholar
  96. Low K, Lee C, Tan C (1996) Enhancement of copper sorption through acid blue 29 treated oil palm pressed fibres. Pertanika J Sci Technol 4(1):41–50Google Scholar
  97. Lugo-Lugo V, Barrera-Díaz C, Ureña-Núñez F, Bilyeu B, Linares-Hernández I (2012) Biosorption of Cr (III) and Fe (III) in single and binary systems onto pretreated orange peel. J Environ Manage 112:120–127Google Scholar
  98. Mahmoud ME, Osman MM, Hafez OF, Hegazi AH, Elmelegy E (2010) Removal and preconcentration of lead (II) and other heavy metals from water by alumina adsorbents developed by surface-adsorbed-dithizone. Desalination 251(1):123–130Google Scholar
  99. Malkoc E, Nuhoglu Y (2007) Potential of tea factory waste for chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solutions: thermodynamic and kinetic studies. Sep Purif Technol 54(3):291–298Google Scholar
  100. Mohammad N, Alam MZ, Kabbashi NA, Ahsan A (2012) Effective composting of oil palm industrial waste by filamentous fungi: a review. Resour Conserv Recy 58:69–78Google Scholar
  101. Mohammadi T, Razmi A, Sadrzadeh M (2004) Effect of operating parameters on Pb2+ separation from wastewater using electrodialysis. Desalination 167:379–385Google Scholar
  102. Mohammed M, Salmiaton A, Wan Azlina W, Mohammad Amran M, Fakhru’l-Razi A, Taufiq-Yap Y (2011) Hydrogen rich gas from oil palm biomass as a potential source of renewable energy in Malaysia. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15(2):1258–1270Google Scholar
  103. Mohan D, Pittman CU Jr (2006) Activated carbons and low cost adsorbents for remediation of tri-and hexavalent chromium from water. J Hazard Mater 137(2):762–811Google Scholar
  104. Mortaheb HR, Kosuge H, Mokhtarani B, Amini MH, Banihashemi HR (2009) Study on removal of cadmium from wastewater by emulsion liquid membrane. J Hazard Mater 165(1–3): 630–636Google Scholar
  105. Najafi M, Rostamian R, Rafati A (2011) Chemically modified silica gel with thiol group as an adsorbent for retention of some toxic soft metal ions from water and industrial effluent. Chem Eng J 168(1):426–432Google Scholar
  106. Nemr AE (2009) Potential of pomegranate husk carbon for Cr (VI) removal from wastewater: kinetic and isotherm studies. J Hazard Mater 161(1):132–141Google Scholar
  107. Nomanbhay SM, Palanisamy K (2005) Removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater using chitosan coated oil palm shell charcoal. Electron J Biotechnol 8(1):43–53Google Scholar
  108. Nwabanne JT, Igbokwe PK (2012) Adsorption performance of packed bed column for the removal of lead (ii) using oil palm fibre. Int J Appl Sci Technol 2(5):106–115Google Scholar
  109. Nwabanne JT, Okoye AC, Lebele-Alawa BT (2011) Packed bed column studies for the removal of lead (ii) using oil palm empty fruit bunch. Eur J Sci Res 63(2):296–305Google Scholar
  110. O’Connell DW, Birkinshaw C, O’Dwyer TF (2008) Heavy metal adsorbents prepared from the modification of cellulose: a review. Bioresour Technol 99(15):6709–6724Google Scholar
  111. Ofomaja AE (2010) Equilibrium studies of copper ion adsorption onto palm kernel fibre. J Environ Manage 91(7):1491–1499Google Scholar
  112. Oliveira WE, Franca AS, Oliveira LS, Rocha SD (2008) Untreated coffee husks as biosorbents for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 152(3):1073–1081Google Scholar
  113. Oluyemi EA, Adeyemi AF, Olabanji IO (2012) Removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions from wastewaters using palm kernel shell charcoal (PKSC). Res J Eng Appl Sci 1(5):308–313Google Scholar
  114. Onundi YB, Mamun A, Al Khatib M, Ahmed Y (2010) Adsorption of copper, nickel and lead ions from synthetic semiconductor industrial wastewater by palm shell activated carbon. Int J Environ Sci Technol 7(4):751–758Google Scholar
  115. Peng F, Sun R-C (2010) Chapter 7.2—Modification of cereal straws as natural sorbents for removing metal ions from industrial waste water Cereal Straw as a Resource for Sustainable Biomaterials and Biofuels. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 219–237Google Scholar
  116. Pereira FV, Gurgel LVA, Gil LF (2010) Removal of Zn2+ from aqueous single metal solutions and electroplating wastewater with wood sawdust and sugarcane bagasse modified with EDTA dianhydride (EDTAD). J Hazard Mater 176(1–3):856–863Google Scholar
  117. Prasad AD, Abdullah MA (2009) Biosorption of Fe (II) from aqueous solution using Tamarind Bark and potato peel waste: equilibrium and kinetic studies. J Appl Sci Environ Sanit 4(3):273–282Google Scholar
  118. Qiu H, Lv L, Pan BC, Zhang QJ, Zhang WM, Zhang QX (2009) Critical review in adsorption kinetic models. J Zhejiang Univ Sci A 10(5):716–724Google Scholar
  119. Radzi bin Abas M, Oros DR, Simoneit BR (2004) Biomass burning as the main source of organic aerosol particulate matter in Malaysia during haze episodes. Chemosphere 55(8):1089–1095Google Scholar
  120. Rafatullah M, Sulaiman O, Hashim R, Ahmad A (2010) Adsorption of methylene blue on low-cost adsorbents: a review. J Hazard Mater 177(1):70–80Google Scholar
  121. Rafatullah M, Ahmad T, Ghazali A, Sulaiman O, Danish M, Hashim R (2013) Oil palm biomass as a precursor of activated carbons: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 43(11):1117–1161Google Scholar
  122. Rahman M, Awang M, Mohosina B, Kamaruzzaman B, Nik W, Adnan C (2012) Waste palm shell converted to high efficient activated carbon by chemical activation method and its adsorption capacity tested by water filtration. APCBEE Procedia 1:293–298Google Scholar
  123. Rao RA, Rehman F (2010) Adsorption studies on fruits of Gular (Ficus glomerata): removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic wastewater. J Hazard Mater 181(1):405–412Google Scholar
  124. Razmovski R, Šćiban M (2008) Biosorption of Cr (VI) and Cu (II) by waste tea fungal biomass. Ecol Eng 34(2):179–186Google Scholar
  125. Reddy D, Harinath Y, Seshaiah K, Reddy A (2010) Biosorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions using chemically modified Moringa oleifera tree leaves. Chem Eng J 162(2):626–634Google Scholar
  126. Reddy D, Ramana D, Seshaiah K, Reddy A (2011) Biosorption of Ni(II) from aqueous phase by Moringa oleifera bark, a low cost biosorbent. Desalination 268(1):150–157Google Scholar
  127. Rupani PF, Singh RP, Ibrahim MH, Esa N (2010) Review of current palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment methods: vermicomposting as a sustainable practice. World Appl Sci J 11(1):70–81Google Scholar
  128. Saeed A, Akhter MW, Iqbal M (2005) Removal and recovery of heavy metals from aqueous solution using papaya wood as a new biosorbent. Sep Purif Technol 45(1):25–31Google Scholar
  129. Saeed A, Iqbal M, Höll WH (2009) Kinetics, equilibrium and mechanism of Cd2+ removal from aqueous solution by mungbean husk. J Hazard Mater 168(2):1467–1475Google Scholar
  130. Saifuddin MN, Kumaran P (2005) Removal of heavy metal from industrial wastewater using chitosan coated oil palm shell charcoal. Electron J Biotechnol 8(1):43–53Google Scholar
  131. Salamatinia B, Zinatizadeh AA, Razali N, Abdullah AZ (2006) Chemical pre-treatments of oil palm frond for improvement in the removal of zn and cu from wastewater by sorption process. Paper presented at the 1st international conference on natural resources engineering and technology 2006, Putrajaya, MalaysiaGoogle Scholar
  132. Salamatinia B, Kamaruddin A, Abdullah A (2007) Removal of Zn and Cu from wastewater by sorption on oil palm tree-derived biomasses. J Appl Sci 7(15):2020–2027Google Scholar
  133. Salleh MAM, Mahmoud DK, Karim WAWA, Idris A (2011) Cationic and anionic dye adsorption by agricultural solid wastes: a comprehensive review. Desalination 280(1):1–13Google Scholar
  134. Sankararamakrishnan N, Sharma AK, Sanghi R (2007) Novel chitosan derivative for the removal of cadmium in the presence of cyanide from electroplating wastewater. J Hazard Mater 148(1–2):353–359Google Scholar
  135. Sekomo CB, Rousseau DP, Saleh SA, Lens PN (2012) Heavy metal removal in duckweed and algae ponds as a polishing step for textile wastewater treatment. Ecol Eng 44:102–110Google Scholar
  136. Sheibani A, Shishehbor MR, Alaei H (2012) Removal of Fe (III) ions from aqueous solution by hazelnut hull as an adsorbent. Int J Ind Chem 3(1):1–3Google Scholar
  137. Silva AM, Cruz FLS, Lima RMF, Teixeira MC, Leão VA (2010) Manganese and limestone interactions during mine water treatment. J Hazard Mater 181(1–3):514–520Google Scholar
  138. Singh TS, Pant K (2004) Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies for adsorption of As (III) on activated alumina. Sep Purif Technol 36(2):139–147Google Scholar
  139. Singha B, Das SK (2013) Adsorptive removal of Cu (II) from aqueous solution and industrial effluent using natural/agricultural wastes. Colloids Surf B 1(107):97–106Google Scholar
  140. Srivastava N, Majumder C (2008) Novel biofiltration methods for the treatment of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. J Hazard Mater 151(1):1–8Google Scholar
  141. Sthiannopkao S, Sreesai S (2009) Utilization of pulp and paper industrial wastes to remove heavy metals from metal finishing wastewater. J Environ Manage 90(11):3283–3289Google Scholar
  142. Subbaiah MV, Vijaya Y, Kumar NS, Reddy AS, Krishnaiah A (2009) Biosorption of nickel from aqueous solutions by Acacia leucocephala bark: kinetics and equilibrium studies. Colloids Surf B 74(1):260–265Google Scholar
  143. Sugawara K, Wajima T, Kato T, Sugawara T (2007) Preparation of carbonaceous heavy metal adsorbent from palm shell using sulfur impregnation. Ars Separatoria Acta 5:88–98Google Scholar
  144. Sulaiman O, Salim N, Hashim R, Yusof LHM, Razak W, Yunus NYM, Hashim WS, Azmy MH (2009) Evaluation on the suitability of some adhesives for laminated veneer lumber from oil palm trunks. Mater Des 30(9):3572–3580Google Scholar
  145. Sulaiman O, Amini M, Hazim M, Rafatullah M, Hashim R, Ahmad A (2010) Adsorption equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of copper (II) ions from aqueous solutions by oil palm leaves. Int J Chem React Eng 8(1):1–18Google Scholar
  146. Sun Y, Webley PA (2010) Preparation of activated carbons from corncob with large specific surface area by a variety of chemical activators and their application in gas storage. Chem Eng J 162(3):883–892Google Scholar
  147. Tan W, Ooi S, Lee C (1993) Removal of chromium (VI) from solution by coconut husk and palm pressed fibres. Environ Technol 14(3):277–282Google Scholar
  148. Tan W, Lee C, Ng K (1996) Column studies of copper (II) and nickel (II) ions sorption on palm pressed fibres. Environ Technol 17(6):621–628Google Scholar
  149. Tan I, Ahmad A, Hameed B (2008) Optimization of preparation conditions for activated carbons from coconut husk using response surface methodology. Chem Eng J 137(3):462–470Google Scholar
  150. Tijani JO (2011) Sorption of lead (ii) and copper (ii) ions from aqueous solution by acid modified and unmodified Gmelina Arborea (Verbenaceae) leaves. J Emerg Trend Eng Appl Sci 2(5):734–740Google Scholar
  151. Torab-Mostaedi M, Asadollahzadeh M, Hemmati A, Khosravi A (2013) Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies for biosorption of cadmium and nickel on grapefruit peel. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 44(2):295–302Google Scholar
  152. Tsekova K, Todorova D, Ganeva S (2010) Removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater by free and immobilized cells of Aspergillus niger. Int Biodeter Biodegr 64(6):447–451Google Scholar
  153. Uemura Y, Omar WN, Tsutsui T, Yusup SB (2011) Torrefaction of oil palm wastes. Fuel 90(8):2585–2591Google Scholar
  154. Urgun-Demirtas M, Benda PL, Gillenwater PS, Negri MC, Xiong H, Snyder SW (2012) Achieving very low mercury levels in refinery wastewater by membrane filtration. J Hazard Mater 215:98–107Google Scholar
  155. Vaghetti JC et al (2009) Pecan nutshell as biosorbent to remove Cu (II), Mn (II) and Pb (II) from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 162(1):270–280Google Scholar
  156. Vargas AM, Garcia CA, Reis EM, Lenzi E, Costa WF, Almeida VC (2010) NaOH-activated carbon from flamboyant (Delonix regia) pods: optimization of preparation conditions using central composite rotatable design. Chem Eng J 162(1):43–50Google Scholar
  157. Vázquez G, Calvo M, Sonia Freire M, González-Alvarez J, Antorrena G (2009) Chestnut shell as heavy metal adsorbent: optimization study of lead, copper and zinc cations removal. J Hazard Mater 172(2):1402–1414Google Scholar
  158. Venugopal V, Mohanty K (2011) Biosorptive uptake of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions by Parthenium hysterophorus weed: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Chem Eng J 174(1):151–158Google Scholar
  159. Vieira MGA, Neto AFA, Gimenes ML, da Silva MGC (2010) Sorption kinetics and equilibrium for the removal of nickel ions from aqueous phase on calcined Bofe bentonite clay. J Hazard Mater 177(1–3):362–371Google Scholar
  160. Vinod V et al (2011) Bioremediation of mercury (II) from aqueous solution by gum karaya (Sterculia urens): a natural hydrocolloid. Desalination 272(1):270–277Google Scholar
  161. Wahi R, Ngaini Z, Jok VU (2009) Removal of mercury, lead and copper from aqueous solution by activated carbon of palm oil empty fruit bunch. World Appl Sci J 5:84–91Google Scholar
  162. Wan Nik W, Rahman M, Yusof A, Ani F, Adnan C (2006) Production of activated carbon from palm oil shell waste and its adsorption characteristics. In: 1st international conference on natural resources engineering and technology 2006, Putrajaya, Malaysia, pp 646–654Google Scholar
  163. Wang S, Peng Y (2010) Natural zeolites as effective adsorbents in water and wastewater treatment. Chem Eng J 156(1):11–24Google Scholar
  164. Wang X-S, Qin Y (2006) Removal of Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by Alternanthera philoxeroides biomass. J Hazard Mater 138(3):582–588Google Scholar
  165. Wang L, Wang R, Oliveira R (2009) A review on adsorption working pairs for refrigeration. Renew Sust Energ Rev 13(3):518–534Google Scholar
  166. Xing Y, Chen X, Wang D (2007) Electrically regenerated ion exchange for removal and recovery of Cr (VI) from wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 41(4):1439–1443Google Scholar
  167. Yadla SV, Sridevi V, Lakshmi MVVC (2012) A review on adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution. J Chem Biol Phys Sci 2(3):585–1593Google Scholar
  168. Yin C, Aroua M, Daud W (2008a) Enhanced adsorption of metal ions onto polyethyleneimine-impregnated palm shell activated carbon: equilibrium studies. Water Air Soil Pollut 192 (1–4):337–348. doi: 10.1007/s11270-008-9660-9 Google Scholar
  169. Yin CY, Aroua MK, Daud WMAW (2008b) Polyethyleneimine impregnation on activated carbon: effects of impregnation amount and molecular number on textural characteristics and metal adsorption capacities. Mater Chem Phys 112(2):417–422Google Scholar
  170. Ying X, Fang Z (2006) Experimental research on heavy metal wastewater treatment with dipropyl dithiophosphate. J Hazard Mater 137(3):1636–1642Google Scholar
  171. Zahir F, Rizwi SJ, Haq SK, Khan RH (2005) Low dose mercury toxicity and human health. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 20(2):351–360Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.School of Industrial TechnologyUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia
  2. 2.School of Chemical EngineeringUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia
  3. 3.School of EngineeringMonash University Sunway CampusBandar SunwayMalaysia

Personalised recommendations

Cite chapter

Buy options