Abstract
Hypospadias is a congenital abnormality of the urethra in which the urethral opening is located on the ventral aspect of the penis proximal to the tip of the glans penis. The site of the abnormal urethral opening is variable and may be located just proximal to the normal position of the external urethral meatus or as far down as the scrotum or perineum. Hypospadias occurs in approximately 1 in every 250 male births. The incidence of hypospadias is more in whites than in blacks, and it is seen more common in those of Jewish and Italian descent. Hypospadias is also known to run in families where several members of the same family are affected. The familial rate of hypospadias is about 7 %. There is increased rate of hypospadias in boys born prematurely and small for gestational age and boys with low birth weight.
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Al-Salem, A. (2014). Hypospadias. In: An Illustrated Guide to Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06665-3_68
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06665-3_68
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