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Neutron Scattering of Proton-Conducting Ceramics

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Neutron Applications in Materials for Energy

Part of the book series: Neutron Scattering Applications and Techniques ((NEUSCATT))

Abstract

This chapter aims to demonstrate the important role that neutron scattering now plays in advancing the current understanding of the basic properties of proton-conducting ceramic separator-materials for future intermediate-temperature fuel cells. In particular, the breadth of contemporary neutron scattering work on proton-conducting perovskite-type oxides, hydrated alkali thio-hydroxogermanates, solid acids, and gallium-based oxides, is highlighted to illustrate the range of information that can be obtained. Crucial materials properties that are examined include crystal structure, proton sites, hydrogen bonding interactions, proton dynamics, proton concentrations, and nanoionics. Furthermore, the prospectives for future neutron studies within this field, particularly in view of the latest developments of neutron methods and the advent of new sources and their combination with other techniques, are discussed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    To ensure that the total internal resistance (electrolyte + electrodes) of a fuel cell is sufficiently small, the target value for the areal specific-resistivity of the electrolyte is set at 0.15 \(\Omega\)cm\(^{2}\). Oxide films can be reliably produced using conventional ceramic fabrication routes at thicknesses down to ~15 \(\upmu\)m. It follows that the specific conductivity of the electrolyte must exceed 0.01 Scm\(^{ - 1}\) [1].

  2. 2.

    \(t_{\text{G}}\) = (\(R_{\text{A}}\) + \(R_{\text{O}}\))/\(\sqrt 2\)(\(R_{\text{B}} + R_{\text{O}}\)), where \(R_{\text{A}}\) is the ionic radius of the \(A\) ion, \(R_{\text{B}}\) is the ionic radius of the \(B\) ion, and \(R_{\text{O}}\) is the ionic radius of oxygen [25].

  3. 3.

    Assuming that the two-state model is true and the proton spends an average time, \(t_{1}\), in the defect-free region and a time in a trap, \(t_{1}\) + \(t_{0}\), then the diffusivity is scaled by a factor, \(t_{1}\)/(\(t_{1}\) + \(t_{0}\)) [32]. Increasing the concentration of traps then leads to a decrease of \(t_{1}\). It implies that in the two-state model the diffusivity depends on the concentration of traps but not on the activation energy.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support from the Swedish Research Council (Grant no. 2011-4887) is gratefully acknowledged. P. Slater is thanked for the provision of Fig. 9.18a.

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    Maths Karlsson

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    Gordon J. Kearley

  2. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia

    Vanessa K. Peterson

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Karlsson, M. (2015). Neutron Scattering of Proton-Conducting Ceramics. In: Kearley, G., Peterson, V. (eds) Neutron Applications in Materials for Energy. Neutron Scattering Applications and Techniques. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06656-1_9

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