Abstract
Both desirable (good) and undesirable (bad) outputs and inputs may be present. For example, the number of defective products is an undesirable output. One wants to reduce the number of defects to improve the performance. If inefficiency exists in production processes where final products are manufactured with a production of wastes and pollutants, the outputs of wastes and pollutants are undesirable and should be reduced to improve the performance.
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Notes
- 1.
These DMUs are called commodity trading advisors (CTAs) in Wilkens and Zhu (2001).
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Zhu, J. (2014). Modeling Undesirable Measures. In: Quantitative Models for Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, vol 213. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06647-9_8
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