Abstract
Wheat spikes are attacked by several fungal diseases out of which only Scab, Pyricularia blast, Smuts, Bunts and Ergot are described in the following pages. Other fungal diseases are dealt with under a different chapter since they also attack leaves and seeds. Smut and bunt diseases are sometimes referred as “Smuts”. There are two kinds of smut diseases; the Loose smut and the flag smut. The Loose smut is of common occurrence wherever wheat is grown whereas Flag smut occurs in restricted areas. As regards bunts, there are three kinds called Common bunt, Dwarf bunt and Karnal bunt. These bunt diseases have been eradicated from some countries including Brazil, due to an obligatory act of seed treatment with mercury based fungicides. After the Common bunt and the Dwarf bunt have been eradicated the compulsory seed treatment law was lifted in the 1960s and since then their occurrence has not been reported from Brazil. The bunts are still important in some other countries. Comprehensive information especially on smuts and bunts is presented by several workers (Heald and Holton 1940; Fischer and Holton 1957; Western 1971; Wilcoxson and Saari 1996; Bockus et al. 2010).
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Mehta, Y.R. (2014). Spike Diseases Caused by Fungi. In: Wheat Diseases and Their Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06465-9_3
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