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Environmental Management and Governance pp 199–232Cite as

The Guadalquivir Estuary: A Hot Spot for Environmental and Human Conflicts

Part of the Coastal Research Library book series (COASTALRL,volume 8)

Abstract

The Guadalquivir estuary has an important place in history as mainland Europe’s most southern large river-estuary-delta system. Intensification of human pressure combined with a limited understanding of its functioning have resulted in increasing socio-economic and environmental conflicts over the estuary. Within this context, the existing scientific framework could not answer the concerns raised about the consequences of dredging to substantially increase its depth, allowing large ships to serve the port of Seville.

A holistic approach to understanding the estuarine ecosystem, including it’s physical and biogeochemical dynamics and how these act to control biodiversity, was identified as the first step towards making knowledge-based decisions about its sustainable use. Intensive use of satellites and remotely operated sensors was critical to this endeavour, allowing a detailed diagnosis to be produced quickly (within 30 months). A real-time monitoring network allowed the critical spatio-temporal scales (intratidal to inter-annual) necessary to provide a baseline understanding of the major processes to be resolved. Discrete sampling of variables, such as nutrients and dissolved inorganic carbon, helped to fill in the gaps and synoptic satellite images allowed the estuaries influence on the inner shelf to be evaluated.

The overall diagnosis depicts an estuary in a poor condition. Numerous human interventions have drastically altered the geomorphology, tidal dynamics and freshwater inputs of the system. Physical conditions favour high residence times that interact with the perturbation of upstream sediment supply by dams and local organic matter loading to create poor water quality. The present day conditions are a system where low dissolved O2, high CO2, high suspended solids and a lack of stable benthic-intertidal habitats limits biodiversity, more than is typical of other estuaries.

Recovery of the ecosystem-services supplied by the Guadalquivir is a challenge, but entirely possible, given careful balancing of the cultural, social, economic and environmental demands of all stakeholders within a knowledge-based framework. This study demonstrates that the application of robust and cost-efficient technology to estuarine monitoring can quickly generate the scientific foundations necessary to meet these societal and legal demands, and can provide a suitable tool by which the cost-effectiveness of remedial solutions can quickly be evaluated.

Keywords

  • Total Suspended Solid
  • Particulate Organic Carbon
  • Water Quality Parameter
  • Tidal Flat
  • Total Suspended Solid Concentration

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Decision No 2179/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 1998 on the review of the European Community Programme of policy and action in relation to the environment and sustainable development “Towards sustainability”.

  2. 2.

    Decision No. 1600/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2002 laying down the Sixth Community Environment Action Programme.

  3. 3.

    Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy.

  4. 4.

    Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive).

  5. 5.

    Directive 92/43/EEC of the Council of 21 May 1992 on the Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the Andalusian Regional Government as well as by projects CTM2009-10520/MAR, P09-TEP-4630 and P09-RNM-4735, P09-RNM-4853, and DMI-COR-LTR753-S. E.P.M. is supported by a Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios (JAE-Doc-2010) contract, part-funded by the European Union (European Social Fund, ESF2007- 2013) and the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology and Coastal Management, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía ICMAN-CSIC, 11510, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain

    Javier Ruiz, Gabriel Navarro, Edward P. Morris, Emma Huertas & Isabel Caballero

  2. Fluvial Dynamics and Hydrology Research Group, Interuniversity Research Institute of Earth System in Andalusia, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Leonardo da Vinci, Córdoba, 14071, Spain

    Mª José Polo & Eva Contreras

  3. Environmental Fluid Dynamics Group, Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research, University of Granada, CEAMA, Avda. del Mediterráneo, s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain

    Manuel Díez-Minguito & Miguel A. Losada

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  1. Javier Ruiz
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  1. Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA

    Charles W. Finkl

  2. Coastal Education & Research Foundation, Coconut Creek, Florida, USA

    Christopher Makowski

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Ruiz, J. et al. (2015). The Guadalquivir Estuary: A Hot Spot for Environmental and Human Conflicts. In: Finkl, C., Makowski, C. (eds) Environmental Management and Governance. Coastal Research Library, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06305-8_8

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