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Nutritional Programming of Immune Defense Against Infections in Early Life

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Pharma-Nutrition

Part of the book series: AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series ((AAPS,volume 12))

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Abstract

Early-life programming is becoming an established concept stating that the environment during early development affects health and disease in adulthood, probably via epigenetic mechanisms. Accumulating evidence suggests that nutrition during pregnancy and early postnatal life is one of the most important environmental cues that programs emerging organ systems of the offspring. The immune system may be particularly vulnerable. The immune system of infants is actively downregulated during pregnancy and therefore the first few months of life represent a period of heightened susceptibility to infection. After birth, there is an age-dependent maturation of the immune system in a layered manner. Exposure to environmental microbial components is suggested to play an important role in the maturation process. This book chapter outlines the role of early-life nutrition in programming of immune function, focusing on immune defenses against infection. Food or nutrient deprivation as well as overconsumption lead to reduced immune responsiveness, increased inflammatory status which results in ineffective immune responses against infections. Nutritional intervention using prebiotics, probiotics, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) has been provided to support an optimal immune development and hence may provide a better defense against infections.

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Abbreviations

LCPUFAs:

Long-chain Polyunsaturated fatty acids

DOHaD:

Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

HMOS:

Human milk oligosaccharides

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

lcFOS:

Long-chain Fructo-oligosaccharides

NK:

Natural killer

scGOS:

Short-chain Galacto-oligosaccharides

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Alma J. Nauta

  2. Division of Pharmacology, UIPS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Alma J. Nauta & Johan Garssen

  3. Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Johan Garssen

Authors
  1. Alma J. Nauta
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Correspondence to Alma J. Nauta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pharmacology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

    Gert Folkerts

  2. Immunopharmacology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

    Johan Garssen

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Nauta, A.J., Garssen, J. (2014). Nutritional Programming of Immune Defense Against Infections in Early Life. In: Folkerts, G., Garssen, J. (eds) Pharma-Nutrition. AAPS Advances in the Pharmaceutical Sciences Series, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06151-1_7

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