Abstract
Since the mid-2000s, United States foreign and security policy locates development and diplomacy as integral parts of a whole. As such they co-located with defense into a tripartite structure (collectively known as the 3D security strategy), each segment of which is meant to work in conjunction with the others to achieve the overall goal of greater stability worldwide, and a strengthened position for the USA within that stability.
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Notes
- 1.
Post-2002 United States National Security Strategies, and the Quadrennial Defense and Development Review have used this term—and in later iterations, integrated to a degree such that the actual term “3D” is rarely now used.
- 2.
The existence of terms like “gunboat diplomacy” is telling here. This is one of several terms used widely both in whole and in suggestion, that interpret the threat of force should negotiations not go favorably as part of diplomacy—most humorously stated by Will Rogers, who defined diplomacy as “the art of saying ‘nice doggie’ until you can find a rock.”
- 3.
Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Foreign Policy No. 80, Twentieth Anniversary (Autumn 1990), pp. 153–171.
- 4.
Anderson’s taxonomy of leverage has these main parts: bargaining, resource, and investment leverage; constructive and destructive leverage; the leverage mean.
- 5.
- 6.
Von Clausewitz’s assertion that warfare is an extension of politics by other means should be read in context as an indication that military usage is driven by civilian politics, not the other way around.
- 7.
- 8.
This position was taken in an article published by National Public Radio, “Which Nations Hate The U.S.? Often Those Receiving U.S. Aid,” by Greg Myre, July 23, 2013.
- 9.
Found within the Mid-Term Evaluation of USAID’s Counter-Extremism Programming in Africa, http://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=691725
- 10.
William Easterly, White Man’s Burden.
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Alpher, D. (2014). The Advantages and Pitfalls of Leveraging Humanitarian Development and Diplomacy Toward National Security. In: Anderson, D. (eds) Leveraging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06094-1_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06094-1_9
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