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The Presence of Chromosomes Is Not Obligatory for Brain Function: Brain, Eye, Blood and Skin Cells Work Efficiently Without a Nucleus

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Abstract

Decrease in body size has occurred in many animal groups during evolution but is most evident in insects where their organs have suffered alterations at the the cell level.

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Fig. 18.1 Polilov, A.A. 2012. The smallest insects evolve anucleate neurons. Arthropod Structure and Development 41: 29–34 (Fig. 1, page 30).

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Lima-de-Faria, A. (2014). The Presence of Chromosomes Is Not Obligatory for Brain Function: Brain, Eye, Blood and Skin Cells Work Efficiently Without a Nucleus. In: Molecular Origins of Brain and Body Geometry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06056-9_18

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