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Current Advances in Osteosarcoma pp 291–304Cite as

Bone-Seeking Radiopharmaceuticals as Targeted Agents of Osteosarcoma: Samarium-153-EDTMP and Radium-223

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 804))

Abstract

Osteosarcoma is a cancer characterized by formation of bone by malignant cells. Routine bone scan imaging with Tc-99m-MDP is done at diagnosis to evaluate primary tumor uptake and check for bone metastases. At time of relapse the Tc-99m-MDP bone scan also provides a specific means to assess formation of bone by malignant osteosarcoma cells and the potential for bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals to deliver radioactivity directly into osteoblastic osteosarcoma lesions. This chapter will review and compare a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical that emits beta-particles, samarium-153-EDTMP, with an alpha-particle emitter, radium-223. The charged alpha particles from radium-223 have far more mass and energy than beta particles (electrons) from Sm-153-EDTMP. Because radium-223 has less marrow toxicity and more radiobiological effectiveness, especially if inside the bone forming cancer cell than samarium-153-EDTMP, radium-223 may have greater potential to become widely used against osteosarcoma as a targeted therapy. Radium-223 also has more potential to be used with chemotherapy against osteosarcoma and bone metastases. Because osteosarcoma makes bone and radium-223 acts like calcium, this radiopharmaceutical could possibly become a new targeted means to achieve safe and effective reduction of tumor burden as well as facilitate better surgery and/or radiotherapy for difficult to resect large, or metastatic tumors.

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Acknowledgements

Peter M. Anderson acknowledges Greg Wiseman and Oyvind Bruland for their advice and sharing ideas during in the development of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals for osteosarcoma and Norman Jaffe for his mentorship when working with metastatic osteosarcoma patients. Research has been supported by the Shannon Wilkes Osteosarcoma fund, and Lauren Edwards Behr sarcoma research fund, Sarah’s Garden of Hope. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center is supported by Cancer Center Support Grant No. CA 016672. Dr. Anderson was supported by the Curtis Distinguished Professorship and is currently partially supported by Levine Cancer Institute.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Levine Children’s Hospital, Charlotte, NC, USA

    Peter M. Anderson M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Carolinas Healthcare System, Levine Children’s Hospital and Levine Cancer Institute, 1001 Blythe Blvd, Medical Center Plaza Suite 601, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA

    Peter M. Anderson M.D., Ph.D.

  3. MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Vivek Subbiah M.D. & Eric Rohren M.D., Ph.D.

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  1. Peter M. Anderson M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Vivek Subbiah M.D.
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  3. Eric Rohren M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Peter M. Anderson M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatrics, Department of Cancer Biology, The Mary V. and John A. Reilly Distinguished Chair, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Eugenie S. Kleinerman, M.D.

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Anderson, P.M., Subbiah, V., Rohren, E. (2014). Bone-Seeking Radiopharmaceuticals as Targeted Agents of Osteosarcoma: Samarium-153-EDTMP and Radium-223. In: Kleinerman, M.D., E. (eds) Current Advances in Osteosarcoma. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 804. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_16

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