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Leverage Between Industrial and Engineering Designs in Enclosure of Machine Tools

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Thought-Evoking Approaches in Engineering Problems

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Abstract

With the growing fierce competition in the market, even in the capital goods, the industrial design becomes popular. In this context, the utmost leading subject is to make the leverage between the industrial and engineering designs, each of which includes a considerable number of attributes in reciprocal relation, by using the eclectic method. Thus, it is enough by nature to have the preferable solution, but not the optimum one. Importantly, in the enclosure of machine tool, its engineering design ranges from the aerodynamics and thermal engineering, through design for fabrication, to safety law. More importantly, the industrial design is extremely supported by both the aesthetic theory and computer graphics, and the former is in closer relation to the manufacturing culture. In short, the enclosure design is a typical engineering problem with multiple- and transdisciplinary and we need wider scope to cope with it including the liberal arts.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In the pre-modern machine tool era, we had the Rose Engine Lathe around 1750, which was called as Furniture-mimicked machine. Since then, the furniture-like machine was, not often but very few, at issue [2].

  2. 2.

    There remains something to be seen; however, the dimensional and performance specifications may affect the industrial design attributes to some extent. Thus, such specifications of the engine lathe of Cazeneuve-make are described in the following. Swing over bed 360 mm, Rotational speed of main spindle 3,000 rev/min in max. (step-less speed change), Output of main motor 7 HP. A tailstock of special attachment is capable of switching either manual or automatic feeding, and either coarse or fine feeding in barrel by the star-like lever.

  3. 3.

    The leading specifications of type A20 are as follows. Swing over bed 450 mm, Rotational speed of main spindle 2,000 rev/min in max. Output of main motor 7.5 kW.

  4. 4.

    In type GVC 750, the leading specifications are as follows. Table space 900 × 450 mm, Allowable table mounting weight 600 kg in max. Rotational speed of main spindle 6,000 rev/min in max., Output of main motor 7.5 kW. In type GBM, Table space 3,200 × 1,000 mm, Rotational speed of main spindle 3,000 rev/min in max., Output of main motor 22 kW.

  5. 5.

    In type L 1400, Table space 1,500 × 620 mm, Allowable table mounting weight 1,000 kg in max., Rotational speed of main spindle 8,000 rev/min in max., Tapered hole of main spindle BT 40, Output of main motor 15/18.5 kW, Three-axis NC control.

  6. 6.

    CE mark was launched out in Europe at January, 1996. As well as CE mark, anti-Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI), i.e., Immunity, is at issue, and the facing problems are the choice of enclosure material and noise suppression from electronic devices.

  7. 7.

    The Leadwell was founded in 1980 and merged with Fair Friend in 2000. In the middle of the 1990s, the production volume was around 80 units per month and a half of it was for the export to Europe.

  8. 8.

    It is desirable to obtain the acceptable leverage between the engineering and industrial design attributes through using the eclectic method or due negotiation; however, we need to have long time allowance to conduct such procedures.

  9. 9.

    This MC is of simultaneous quinaxial-controlled type and has following specifications. Rotational speed of main spindle 42,000 rev/min in max., Travelling motion to X, Y and Z-direction by AC motors with water cooling, With ultrasonic machining function.

  10. 10.

    Even the design engineer of the machine tool conducted generally the enclosure design after completing the structural design in order to promote the purchasing motivation of the customer. In such a work, the design engineer aimed at the realisation of the sophisticated configuration by putting the raw rough surface of structural body component, wiring, piping and so on out of sight. In fact, we used to say such a situation as Incorporation of Cosmetic Cover for Machine (factory floor-based jargon). In contrast, we have certain difficulties in wiring and piping as reported elsewhere. When changing the viewpoint, such a sophisticated configuration is one of the variants of the industrial design, although the design engineer conducts it.

  11. 11.

    Apart from a very few leading conventional TC and MC manufacturers, nearly all machine tool manufacturers have, in general, commissioned the fabrication of the enclosure to the subsidiaries. In this case, the subsidiary is given the three-dimensional or two-dimensional information for the overall configuration of the enclosure, and details it to the manufacturing information.

  12. 12.

    TC of Okuma-make is of three-axis simultaneous NC control and has the following specifications. Swing over bed 530 mm, Main spindle speed 4,500 rev/min in max., Tool spindle rotating speed 4,500 rev/min in max., Output of main motor 11 kW, Output of tool spindle motor 3.3 kW.

  13. 13.

    The observation window is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is a kind of polyester. In this case, the design engineer has determined the window material from the safety point of view; however, the industrial designer may change slightly it, e.g., that giving some blur from the industrial design point of view.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Professor Emeritus of Tokyo Institute of Technology, Park Tower Higashi-Totsuka 1502, Shinano-cho 537-20, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 244-0801, Japan

    Yoshimi Ito

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  1. Yoshimi Ito
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  1. Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

    Yoshimo Ito

Appendix: Routemaster Bus in London

Appendix: Routemaster Bus in London

Even within a product for non-professional people, we have now such a leverage problem and can observe a very good example in the design competition for the New Routemaster Bus in London city. The competition was run under the constraints, in which the bus had to be green, accessible, hop-on-hop-off, and double-decker. The Mayor of London announced the winner of the design competition in December 2008. In fact, the first prize was shared between Alan Posdford’s Capoco Design and Aston Martin Teams. Importantly, each design includes considerably the technological issues as follows, and we may presume certain difficulties to be such technological features in reality, provided that the bus appearance is maintained as that of design competition.

12.1.1 Design of Capoco Team

  1. (1)

    Front engine and open rear-platform as like as the current Routemaster, but low and flat floor to allow the ease of access for all the passengers, i.e., something old and something new concept.

  2. (2)

    Made of lightweight materials and driven by electric motors, which will be powered by battery packs charged by a hydrogen-fuelled engine and generator.

  3. (3)

    Passengers on the upper deck and downstairs are 48 and 28, respectively.

12.1.2 Design of Aston Martin Team

  1. (1)

    Highly manoeuvrable with zero emissions by the Drive-by-wire System and also having solar panels built into a glass roof.

  2. (2)

    Accessibility for all the passengers, warm lightening and wooden floors, i.e., those giving Living Room Feel.

  3. (3)

    Bringing sight-seeing joy to passengers through a glazed roof on the top deck.

Importantly, London’s Transport Commissioner suggested that engineering concerns, e.g., realisation of environmentally friendly bus, will need to come first and the final look and feel of the buses will follow. This implies the difficulties to leverage the requirements between engineering and industrial designs. As can be readily seen, such conflictions are more serious in the machine tool than the bus [17].

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Ito, Y. (2014). Leverage Between Industrial and Engineering Designs in Enclosure of Machine Tools. In: Ito, Y. (eds) Thought-Evoking Approaches in Engineering Problems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04120-9_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04120-9_12

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