Abstract
This is a report outlining the present status, ongoing controversy and uncertain prospect of commercial codification in People Republic of China (PRC). First, we summarize General Principles of Commercial Law (GPCol), setting out the guiding principle and two salient features of it. Second, we expound the relationship between GPCol and Civil Law Statutes, including its mutual effects and issues. Third, we contemplate upon the structure of GPCol, analyzing the differences between the drafts of it and its general theory. Fourth, we argue the importance of GPCol, stating that it sets out a uniform, simplified, and clear regulation system. At the end, we vision the future of Commercial Code of PRC.
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Notes
- 1.
General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China was adopted by the National People’s Congress in 1986.
- 2.
The Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China was adopted by the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China in 1999.
- 3.
Property Law of the People’s Republic of China was adopted by the National People’s Congress in 2007.
- 4.
Tort Liability Law of the People’s Republic of China was adopted by the Standing Committee of the 11th National People’s Congress (SCNPC) on December 26, 2009.
- 5.
The Company Law of the People’s Republic of China was adopted by the SCNPC in 1993 and revised in 1999, 2004 and 2005.
- 6.
Partnership Enterprise Law of the People’s Republic of China was adopted by the SCNPC in 1997 and revised in 2006.
- 7.
Sole Proprietorship Law of the People’s Republic of China was adopted by the SCNPC in 1999.
- 8.
Enterprise Bankruptcy Law was adopted by the SCNPC in 2006.
- 9.
Adopted at the 33rd Session of the Standing Committee of the Second People’s Congress of Shenzhen Municipality on 30 June 1999; and Promulgated in accordance with Announcement No. 89 of the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Shenzhen Municipality on 30 June 1999. Amended pursuant to the Decision of the Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of Shenzhen Municipality on Revising the “Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone on Commercial Business” promulgated on April 16, 2004.
- 10.
苗建波, 《<中华人民共和国商法通则 > 草案建议稿;, http://www.myanbo.com/cajy.htm, 访问时间:2012年3月4日。(Miao Y.B., A Draft of General Principles of Commercial Law, http://www.myanbo.com/cajy.htm, visited 2012/3/4.)
- 11.
樊涛,《商法通则:中国商事立法的应然选择(附:<中华人民共和国商法通则> 建议稿)》,河南大学学报(社会科学版),第48卷,第3期,2008年5月。(Fan Tao, General Principles of Commercial Law: An Rational Choice of Chinese Commercial Legislation (with a draft of General Principles of Commercial Law), Journal of Henan University (Social Science), Vol. 48, No. 3, May.2008.)
- 12.
The Regulations, Art 3.
- 13.
The Regulations, Arts 6 and 7. Article 7 additionally disallows a minor or a person with incomplete civil capacity to become a partner.
- 14.
The Regulations, Art 9.
- 15.
The Miao draft, Art 6; the Fan draft, Art 2.
- 16.
The Miao draft, Art 4.
- 17.
The Miao draft, Ch 2; the Fan draft, Ch 2.
- 18.
The Miao draft, Ch 3; the Fan draft, Ch 9.
- 19.
The Fan draft, Art 18.
- 20.
The Fan draft, Arts 12 and 15.
- 21.
Of a total of 17 articles, only Art 132 provides for possible co-existence of administrative and/or criminal liabilities. Art 145, having listed 7 major forms of civil liabilities, provides subsidiary forms of liability such as confiscation, fine and detention of person.
- 22.
See:赵旭东,《制定“商法通则”的五大理由》,中国商法年刊(2007) (Zhao Xudong, Five Reasons for Enacting General Principles of Commercial Law, Annuals of Chinese Commercial Law, 2007);苗延波,《论中国商法的立法模式(下)——兼论 <商法通则>的立法问题》,《法学评论》(双月刊),2008年第2期 (Miao Yanbo, On the Legislative Model of Chinese Commercial Law, Legal Commentaries, 2008, Issue 2);王瑞龙,林蕾,《制定「商法通则>之利弊分析——兼论<商法通则>的体例安排》,《河北法学》,第22卷第10期,2004年10月 (Wang and Lin, Pros and Cons of Enacting General Principles of Commercial Law, Hebai Legal Science, 2004, Vol 22, Issue 10).
- 23.
The Regulations, Art 57.
- 24.
The Regulations, Art 61.
- 25.
GPCiL, Ch 4.
- 26.
The Regulations, Article 4. The Fan draft Art 4 is similar, differing only in that the next in order after merchant charters and/or partnership agreements is ‘commercial customary law’, which is then followed by ‘civil law rules that do not contradict with the jurisprudence of the commercial law’.
- 27.
See also, the Miao draft, Art 147: the civil law and relevant individual commercial statutes may be applied simultaneously to commercial matters not provided for under the draft.
- 28.
The Regulations, Art.
- 29.
The Miao draft, Art 5.
- 30.
The Fan draft, Art.
- 31.
The Miao draft, Art 5.
- 32.
The Miao draft, Art 13.
- 33.
张洪松, 《<深圳经济特区商事条例<之商人概念研讨——以“依法登记"要件为例》,《北方法学》,2009年3期。(Zhang, ‘Discussion on the Concept of “Merchant” under the Shenzhen Regulations’, Northern Legal Science, 2009, Vol 3)
- 34.
王保树,中国商法年刊(2007):和谐社会构建中的商法建设[M]. (北京大学出版社,2008), 108、133. (Wang Baoshu, Constructing a Commercial Law Regime in a Harmonious Society, Annuals of Chinese Commercial Law, 2007, at 108, 133).
- 35.
曾大鹏,《从法理到法条的转换:评苗延波先生的<商法通则>草案建议稿》,河北法学,2010年7月第28卷第7期。(Zeng, ‘A Commentary on Miao’s Recommended Draft’, Hebei Legal Science, 2010.7, Vol 28, Issue 7).
Reference
樊涛, 《商法通则:中国商事立法的应然选择(附:<中华人民共和国商法通则>建议稿)》, 河南大学学报(社会科学版), 第48(Fan Tao, General Principles of Commercial Law: An Rational Choice of Chinese Commercial Legislation (with a draft of General Principles of Commercial Law), Journal of Henan University (Social Science), Vol. 48, No. 3, May.2008.).
赵旭东, 《制定“商法通则”的五大理由》, 中国商法年刊 (Zhao Xudong, Five Reasons for Enacting General Principles of Commercial Law, Annuals of Chinese Commercial Law, 2007)
苗延波,《论中国商法的立法模式(下)——兼论<商法通则>的立法问题》, 《法学评论》(双月刊), 2008 (Miao Yanbo, On the Legislative Model of Chinese Commercial Law, Legal Commentaries, 2008, Issue 2)
王瑞龙, 林蕾, 《制定<商法通则>之利弊分析——兼论<商法通则>的体例安排》, 《河北法学》, 第22 (Wang and Lin, Pros and Cons of Enacting General Principles of Commercial Law, Hebai Legal Science, 2004, Vol 22, Issue 10).
张洪松, 《<深圳经济特区商事条例>之商人概念研讨——以“依法登记”要件为例》, 《北方法学《(Zhang, ‘Discussion on the Concept of “Merchant” under the Shenzhen Regulations’, Northern Legal Science, 2009, Vol 3)
王保树, 中国商法年刊(2007):和谐社会构建中的商法建设[M]. (北京大学出版社, 2008), 108、133. (Wang Baoshu, Constructing a Commercial Law Regime in a Harmonious Society, Annuals of Chinese Commercial Law, 2007, at 108, 133).
曾大鹏, 《从法理到法条的转换:评苗延波先生的<商法通则>草案建议稿》, 河北法学,2010年7月第28卷第7期。(Zeng, ‘A Commentary on Miao’s Recommended Draft’, Hebei Legal Science, 2010.7, Vol 28, Issue 7).
Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone on Commercial Matters.
General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China.
苗建波,《<中华人民共和国商法通则>草案建议稿》,http://www.myanbo.com/cajy.htm,访问时间:2012年3月4日。(Miao Y.B., A Draft of General Principles of Commercial Law, http://www.myanbo.com/cajy.htm, visited 2012/3/4.).
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Liu, Q., Ren, X., Zhang, Z. (2014). A Report on Commercial Codification in China, with a Focus on General Provisions. In: Wang, WY. (eds) Codification in East Asia. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, vol 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03446-1_6
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