Skip to main content

Appendix 2: Carbonized Botanical Remains from Sites in Purén and Lumaco

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Teleoscopic Polity

Part of the book series: Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology ((CGHA,volume 38))

Abstract

This chapter reports on the botanical remains recovered from two sites, PU-165 and LU-69. These sites occur at an elevation of 200 masl and are associated with artificial agricultural systems, domestic sites, and ceremonial mounds in the floodplain of the Purén and Lumaco Valley. Radiocarbon dates from raised agricultural platforms in the area indicate a period of occupation from about AD 1220 to 1420. Diagnostic ceramics from the raised fields, associated mounds, and habitation sites date to ca. AD 400 and 1750. The sites, themselves and associated botanical remains, date from the Archaic period to the early Hispanic period in the area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Arkush, E. (2008). War, chronology, and causality in the Titicaca basin. Latin American Antiquity, 19(4), 339–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bermann, M. P., Goldstein, P., Stanish, C., & Watanabe, L. M. (1989). The collapse of the Tiwanaku state: A view from the Osmore drainage. In D. S. Rice, C. Stanish & P. Scarr (Eds.), Settlement, history and ecology in the Osmore drainage, southern Peru (pp. 269–286). BAR International Series 545(2). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, J. B. (1985). The preceramic excavations at the Huaca Prieta Chicama valley, Peru. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol 62, Part 1. New York: American Museum of Natural History.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blake, L. W., & Cutler, H. C. (2001). Plants from the past. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonzani, R. M. (2005). Report on archaeological maize from excavated sites in the Purén Valley, Chile. Report submitted to the Proyecto Purén-Lumaco. Nashville: Vanderbilt University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonzani, R. M., & Dillehay, T. (2006). Maize (Zea mays) macrobotanical remains from Araucanian domestic sites, Chile: Preliminary methods to identify archaeobotanical maize varieties. Presented at the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. San Juan, Puerto Rico. April 26–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonzani, R. M., & Oyuela-Caycedo, A. (2006). The gift of the variation and dispersion of maize: Social and technological context in Amerindian societies. In J. Staller, R. Tykot & B. Benz (Eds.), Histories of maize: Multidisciplinary approaches to the prehistory, biogeography, domestication, and evolution of maize (pp. 343–356). New York: Elsevier/Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruno, M. C., & Whitehead, W. T. (2003). Chenopodium cultivation and formative period agriculture at Chiripa, Bolivia. Latin American Antiquity, 14(3), 339–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castañeda, R. R. (1965). Flora del Centro de Bolivar. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castañeda, R. R. (1991). Frutas Silvestres de Colombia (2nd ed.) Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Cultura Hispánica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, J. M. (1963). The Araucanians. In J. H. Steward (Ed.), Handbook of South American Indians, Vol. 2. New York: Cooper Square Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuenca, S. A., Bahoz, E. G., Canelas, E. L., & Cáceres, I. M. (2005). Más allá de las pajas y espinas: Biodiversidad en el Municipio de Oruro (Comunidades Cochiraya—Iroco—Chuzekery). Oruro, Bolivia: Latinas Editores.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillehay, T. D. (1985). Cuel: observaciones y comentarios sobre los Túmulos en la cultura Mapuche. Revista Chungará, 16–17, 181–193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillehay, T. D. (1990). Mapuche ceremonial landscape, social recruitment and resource rights. World Archaeology, 22(2), 223–241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dillehay, T. D. (2007). Monuments, resistance and empires in the Andes: Araucanian ritual narratives and polity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillehay, T. D., Quivira, M. P., Bonzani, R., Silvia, C., Wallner, J., & Le Quesne, C. (2007). Cultivated wetlands and emerging complexity in south-central Chile and long distance effects of climate change. Antiquity, 81, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falabella, F., Planella, M. T., & Tykot, R. H. (2008). El Maíz (Zea mays) en el Mundo Prehispanico de Chile Central. Latin American Antiquity, 19(1), 25–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galeano, G. (1991). Palms in the Araracuara region. Bogotá: Tropenbos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galeano, G., & Bernal, R. (1987). Palmas del Departamento de Antioquia: Región Occidental. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gil, A. (2003). Zea Mays on the South American periphery: Chronology and dietary importance. Current Anthropology, 44, 295–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, P. S. (2005). Andean diaspora: The Tiwanaku colonies and the origins of South American empire. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, M. M. (1994). Racial sampling and identification in maize: Quantitative genetic variation versus environmental effects. In C. A. Hastorf & A. Johannessen (Eds.), Corn and culture in the prehistoric new world (pp. 89–100). Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, M. M., & Brown, W. L. (1988). Races of corn. In G. F. Sprague & J. W. Dudley (Eds.), Corn and Corn Improvement (3rd ed., pp. 33–79). Madison, Wisconsin: Agronomy Monograph 18, American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Crop Science Society of America, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grobman, A., Salhuana, W., Sevilla, R., & Mangelsdorf, P. C. (1961). Races of maize in Peru. Washington DC: National Academy of Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gumucio, C., & Carlos, J. (1999). Hierarchy, utility and metaphor in Mapuche botany. Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology 27. Uppsala, Sweden: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastorf, C. A., & Johannessen, A. (1989). Corn in Central Andean prehistory. Science, 244, 690–692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hastorf, C. A., & Johannessen, A. (Eds.). (1994). Corn and culture in the prehistoric new world. Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hastorf, C. A., Whitehead, W. T., Bruno, M. C., & Wright, M. (2006). The movements of maize into middle horizon Tiwanaku, Bolivia. In J. Staller, R. Tykot & B. Benz (Eds.), Histories of maize: Multidisciplinary approaches to the prehistory, linguistics, biogeography, domestication, and evolution of maize (pp. 429–448). New York: Elsevier/Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hather, J. (1993). An archaeobotanical guide to root and tuber identification. Vol I: Europe and South West Asia. Oxbow Monograph 28. Exeter: The Short Run Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hather, J. (2000). Archaeological parenchyma. London: Archetype Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janusek, J. W. (2008). Ancient Tiwanaku. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, F. B. (1994). Variability in cob and kernel characteristics of North American maize cultivars. In C. A. Hastorf & A. Johannessen (Eds.), Corn and culture in the prehistoric new world (pp. 35–54). Boulder: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, F. B. (1987). Analysis of prehistoric corn. Gainesville. Fl. Paper presented at the 10th Annual Conference of the Society of Ethnobiology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolata, A. (1993). The Tiwanaku: Portrait of an Andean civilization. Cambridge: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langlie, B. S., Hastorf, C. A., Bruno, M. C., Bermann, M., Bonzani, R. M., & Condarco, W. C. (2011). Diversity in Andean Chenopodium domestication: Describing a new morphological type from La Barca, Bolivia 1300–1250 B.C. Journal of Ethnobiology, 31(1), 72–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lentz, D., & Dickau, R. (2005). Seeds of Central America and Southern Mexico: The economic species. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, Vol 91. New York: The New York Botanical Garden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, A. C., & Barkley, W. D. (2000). Seed identification manual (2nd ed.). Caldwell, NJ: The Blackburn Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, F. H. (1977). Seeds and fruits of plants of Eastern Canada and Northeastern United States. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morón Ríos, E. H. (2006a). Pasakana: Fruto del Ecosistema Altiplánico. Oruro, Bolivia: Latinas Editores.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morón Ríos, E. H. (2006b). Halofitas: Plantas Tolerantes a la Salinidad. Oruro, Bolivia: Deposito Legal No. 1–040/2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morcote Ríos, G. (1996). Evidencia Arqueobotanica de Cultigenos Presentes en Grupos Muiscas de la Sabana de Bogota en los Siglos VIII y XI. In B. Enciso & M. Therrien (Eds.), Bioantropología de la Sabana de Bogotá, Siglos VIII al XVI D.C. (pp. 59–83). Colcultura, Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Antropología-ICAN.

    Google Scholar 

  • Núñez, L., & Moragas, C. (1983). Cerámica temprana en cáñamo (costa desierto del Norte de Chile): Análisis y evaluación regional. Chungará, 11, 31–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, B. D. (2005). Distant colonies and explosive collapse: The two stages of the Tiwanaku diaspora in the Osmore drainage. Latin American Antiquity, 16(1), 45–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearsall, D. M. (2008). Plant domestication and the shift to agriculture in the Andes. In H. Silverman & W. H. Isbell (Eds.), Handbook of south American archaeology (pp. 105–120). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Perez-Arbelaez, E. (1978). Plantas Utiles de Colombia. Bogotá: Litografía Arco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, L., Sandweiss, D. H., Piperno, D. R., Rademaker, K., Malpass, M. A., Umire, A., & de la Vera, P. (2006). Early maize agriculture and interzonal interaction in Southern Peru. Nature, 440, 76–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Planella, M. T., & Tagle, B. (2004). Inicios de presencia de cultígenos en la zona central de Chile, períodos Arcaico y Agroalfarero Temprano. Chungara, Volumen Especial (Tomo I), 387–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponce, C. (1981). Tiwanaku: Espacio, Tiempo, y Cultura (4th ed.). Cochabamba: Los Amigos del Libro.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quiroz, D. (2010). Ocupaciones El Vergel en las Costas Septentrionales de la Araucanía: Una Secuencia Cronológica por Termoluminiscencia. In Actas del XVII Congreso Nacional de Arqueología Chilena, Valdivia 2006, pp. 441–450. Valdivia: Ediciones Kultrún.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramírez, R. E., Timothy, D. H., Díaz, E. B., & Grant, U. J. (1960). Races of maize in Bolivia. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council Publication 747.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivera, M. A. (1985). Alto Ramírez y Tiwanaku, un caso de interpretación simbólica a través de datos arqueológicos en el area de los valles occidentales S. del Perú y N. de Chile. Dialogo Andino, 4, 39–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivera, M. A. (2006). Prehistoric maize from Northern Chile: An evaluation of the evidence. In J. Staller, R. Tykot & B. Benz (Eds.), Histories of maize: Multidisciplinary approaches to the prehistory, linguistics, biogeography, domestication, and evolution of maize (pp. 403–413). New York: Elsevier/Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rocas, A. N. (1989). Semillas de Plantas Leñosas: Morfología Comparada. Mexico: Limusa Noriega Editores.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossen, J., Planella, M. T., & Stehberg, R. (2010). Archaeobotany of Cerro del Inga, Chile, at the Southern Inka frontier. In M. A. Malpass & S. Alconini (Eds.), Distant provinces in the Inka empire: Toward a deeper understanding of Inka imperialism (pp. 14–43). Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothhammer, F., & Santoro, C. M. (2001). El Desarrollo Cultural en el Valle de Azapa, Extremo Norte de Chile y Su Vinculación con los Desplazamientos Poblacionales Altiplanicos. Latin American Antiquity, 12(1), 59–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez, M., Quiroz, D., & Massone, M. (2004). Domesticación de Plantas y Animals en la Araucanía: Datos, Metodologías y Problemas. Chungará (Volumen Especial), 365–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva, D. C. (2005). Informe de análisis carpológico sobre muestras provenientes desde los cuel de Lumaco y Purén, region de la Araucanía, Chile. Report submitted to the Proyecto Purén-Lumaco. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, B. D. (1992). Rivers of change: Essays on early agriculture in Eastern North America. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. E. Jr. (1986). Preceramic plant remains from Guilá Naquitz. In K. V. Flannery (Ed.), Guilá Naquitz: Archaic foraging and early agriculture in Oaxaca, Mexico (pp. 265–279). New York: Academic Press, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Staller, J. (2010). Maize cobs and cultures: History of Zea mays L. New York: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Staller, J., Tykot, R., & Benz, B. (2006). Histories of maize: Multidisciplinary approaches to the prehistory, linguistics, biogeography, domestication, and evolution of maize. New York: Elsevier/Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Timothy, D. H., Bertulfo, P. V., & Ramírez, R., E. (1961). Races of maize in Chile. Publication 847. Washington DC: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Towle, M. A. (1961). The ethnobotany of pre-Columbian Peru. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology 30. New York: Wenner-Grenn Foundation for Anthropological Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tung, T. A. (2008). Life on the move: Bioarchaeological contributions to the study of migration and diaspora communities in the Andes. In H. Silverman & W. H. Isbell (Eds.), Handbook of South American archaeology (pp. 671–680). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ugent, D., & Ochoa, C. M. (2006). La Etnobotánica del Perú; Desde la Prehistoria al Presente. Lima: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica-CONCYTEC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vinton, S. D. (1996). Dietary analysis of coprolites from northern Chile. Master’s Thesis. University of Nebraska, Lincoln.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, G. (1986) The corn and cultivated beans of the fort ancient Indians. The Missouri Archaeologist, 47, 107–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, W. T. (1999). Paleoethnobotanical evidence. In C. A. Hastorf (Eds.), Early settlement at Chiripa, Bolivia. Contributions of the archaeological research facility 57 (pp. 95–103). Berkeley: Archaeological Research Facility.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, W. T. (2007). Exploring the wild and domestic: Paleoethnobotany at Chiripa, a formative site in Bolivia. Ph.D. Dissertation in Anthropology. University of California, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. A., & Young, C. G. (1992). Seeds of woody plants in North America. Portland, Oregon: Dioscorides Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaro, G. (2007). Diversity specialists: Coastal resource management and historical contingency in the Osmore desert of southern Peru. Latin American Antiquity, 18(2), 161–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeballos Montes de Oca, M., García, E. E., & Beck, S. G. (2003). Contribución al Conocimiento de la Flora del Departamento de Oruro. Herbario Nacional de Bolivia. La Paz. Bolivia: Artes Gráficas Latina.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bonzani, R. (2014). Appendix 2: Carbonized Botanical Remains from Sites in Purén and Lumaco. In: The Teleoscopic Polity. Contributions To Global Historical Archaeology, vol 38. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03128-6_13

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics