Skip to main content

Data Mining and Social Network Analysis in the Educational Field: An Application for Non-Expert Users

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 524))

Abstract

With the increasing popularity of social networking services like Facebook, social network analysis (SNA) has emerged again. Undoubtedly, there is an inherent social network in any learning context, where teachers, learners, and learning resources behave as main actors, among which different relationships can be defined, e.g., “participate in” among blogs, students, and learners. From their analysis, information about group cohesion, participation in activities, and connections among subjects can be obtained. At the same time, it is well-known the need of tools that help instructors, in particular those involved in distance education, to discover their students’ behavior profile, models about how they participate in collaborative activities or likely the most important, to know the performance and dropout pattern with the aim of improving the teaching–learning process. Therefore, the goal of this chapter is to describe our e-learning Web Mining tool and the new services that it provides, supported by the use of SNA and classification techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    See http://congresoestilosdeaprendizaje.blogspot.com..

Abbreviations

API:

Application programming interface

DM:

Data mining

EDM:

Educational data mining

ElWM:

e-learning web miner

KDD:

Knowledge discovery in databases

LA:

Learning analytics

LMS:

Learning management system

MOOC:

Massive open online course

SNA:

Social network analysis

SOA:

Service-oriented architecture

SOAP:

Simple object access protocol

UC:

University of Cantabria

WSDL:

Web services description language

WS:

Web service

XML:

eXtended Markup Language

References

  1. Capra, R., Arguello, J., Chen, A., Hawthorne, K., Marchionini, G., Shaw, L.: The results space collaborative search environment. In: 12th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, pp. 435–436. ACM, New York (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lin, C.C., Tsai, C.C.: Participatory learning through behavioral and cognitive engagements in an online collective information searching activity. Int. J. Comput. Support. Collaborative Learn. 7(4), 543–566 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. McNely, B.J., Gestwicki, P., Hill, J.H., Parli-Horne, P., Johnson, E.: Learning analytics for collaborative writing: a prototype and case study. In: Dawson, S., Haythornthwaite, C., Shum, S.B., Gasevic, D., Ferguson, R. (eds.) Second International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, pp. 222–225. ACM, New York (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Joubert, M., Wishart, J.: Participatory practices: lessons learnt from two initiatives using online digital technologies to build knowledge. Comput. Educ. 59(1), 110–119 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Rice, W.: Moodle e-learning Course Development. A Complete Guide to Successful Learning Using Moodle. Packet Publishing, Birmingham (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Southworth, H., Cakici, K., Vovides, Y., Zvacek, S.: Blackboard for Dummies. Wiley, New York (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Korcuska, M., Berg, A.M.: Sakai Courseware Management: The Official Guide. Packt Publishing, Birmingham (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Johnson, L., Adams-Becker S., Cummins, M., Estrada, V., Freeman, A., Ludgate, H.: NMC Horizon Report: Higher Education Edition. Report. The New Media Consortium (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Romero, C., Ventura, S.: Data mining in education. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Data Min. Knowl. Disc. 3(1), 12–27 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Macfadyen, L.P., Dawson, S.: Mining LMS data to develop an early warning system for educators: a proof of concept. Comput. Educ. 54(2), 588–599 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zorrilla, M., García-Saiz, D.: A service oriented architecture to provide data mining services for non-expert data miners. Decis. Support Syst. 55(1), 399–411 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Palazuelos, C., Zorrilla, M.E.: FRINGE: a new approach to the detection of overlapping communities in graphs. In: Murgante, B., Gervasi, O., Iglesias, A., Taniar, D., Apduhan, B.O. (eds.) ICCSA 2011. LNCS, vol. 6784, pp. 638–653. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bienkowski, M., Feng, M., Means, B.: Enhancing teaching and learning through educational data mining and learning analytics: an issue brief. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Scott, J.: Social Network Analysis: A Handbook. SAGE Publications, London (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Wasserman, S., Faust, K.: Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Structural Analysis in the Social Sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1994)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  16. Watts, D., Strogatz, S.: Collective dynamics of small-world networks. Nature 393(6684), 440–442 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Klovdahl, A., Potterat, J., Woodhouse, D., Muth, J., Muth, S., Darrow, W.: Social networks and infectious disease: the colorado springs study. Soc. Sci. Med. 38(1), 79–88 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Krebs, V.: Mapping networks of terrorist cells. Connections 24(3), 43–52 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Freeman, L.: A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness. Sociometry 40(1), 35–41 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kleinberg, J.: Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked environment. J. ACM 46(5), 604–632 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Brewe, E., Kramer, L.H., Sawtelle, V.: Investigating student communities with network analysis of interactions in a physics learning center. Phys. Rev. Spec. Top. Phys. Educ. Res. 8(1), 1–9 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Crespo, P.M.T., Antunes, C.: Social networks analysis for quantifying students performance in teamwork. In: Yacef, K., Zaïane, O., Hershkovitz, A., Yudelson, M., Stamper, J. (eds.) 5th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, pp. 234–235. International Educational Data Mining Society, Chania (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Cuéllar, M.P., Delgado, M., Pegalajar, M.C.: Improving learning management through semantic web and social networks in e-learning environments. Expert Syst. Appl. 38(4), 4181–4189 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Rabbany, R., Takaffoli, M., Zaïane, O.R.: Social network analysis and mining to support the assessment of on-line student participation. SIGKDD Explor. 13(2), 20–29 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Dawson, S., Tan, J.P.L., McWilliam, E.: Measuring creative potential: using social network analysis to monitor a learners’ creative capacity. Australas. J. Educ. Technol. 27(6), 924–942 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Dawson, S.: Seeing the learning community: an exploration of the development of a resource for monitoring online student networking. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 41(5), 736–752 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Obsivac, T., Popelinsky, L., Bayer, J., Geryk, J., Bydzovska, H.: Predicting drop-out from social behaviour of students. In: Yacef, K., Zaïane, O., Hershkovitz, A., Yudelson, M., Stamper, J. (eds.) 5th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, pp. 103–109. International Educational Data Mining Society, Chania (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Palazuelos, C., García-Saiz, D., Zorrilla, M.: Social network analysis and data mining: an application to the e-learning context. In: International Conference on Computational Collective Intelligence Technologies and Applications (2013, in press)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Fayyad, U., Piatetsky-Shapiro, G., Smyth, P.: From data mining to knowledge discovery in databases. J. Artif. Intell. 17(1), 37–54 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  30. García-Saiz, D., Zorrilla, M.E.: Towards the development of a classification service for predicting students’ performance. In: D’Mello, S.K., Calvo, R.A., Olney, A. (eds.) 6th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, pp. 318–319. International Educational Data Mining Society, Memphis (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Kotsiantis, S.B.: Use of machine learning techniques for educational proposes: a decision support system for forecasting students’ grades. J. Artif. Intell. 37(4), 331–344 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Romero, C., Ventura, S., Espejo, P.G., Hervás, C.: Data mining algorithms to classify students. In: Baker, R.S.J.D., Barnes, T., Beck, J.E. (eds.) 1st International Conference on Educational Data Mining, pp. 8–17. International Educational Data Mining Society, Montreal (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Zafra, A., Romero, C., Ventura, S.: Predicting academic achievement using multiple instance genetic programming. In: Ninth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, pp. 1120–1125, IEEE, Washington (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Dekker, G., Pechenizkiy, M., Vleeshouwers, J.: Predicting students drop out: a case study. In: Barnes, T., Desmarais, M., Romero, C., Ventura, S. (eds.) 2nd International Conference on Educational Data Mining, pp. 41–50. International Educational Data Mining Society, Cordoba (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Kotsiantis, S.B., Pierrakeas, C., Pintelas, P.E.: Preventing student dropout in distance learning using machine learning techniques. In: Palade, V., Howlett, R.J., Jain, L.C. (eds.) KES. LNCS, vol. 2773, pp. 267–274. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  36. John, G., Langley, P.: Estimating continuous distributions in bayesian classifiers. In: Eleventh Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 338–345. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Hämäläinen, W., Vinni, M.: Comparison of machine learning methods for intelligent tutoring systems. In: Ikeda, M., Ashley, K., Chan, T.W. (eds.) Intelligent Tutoring Systems. LNCS, vol. 4053, pp. 525–534. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Zafra, A., Ventura, S.: G3P-MI: a genetic programming algorithm for multiple instance learning. Inf. Sci. 180(23), 4496–4513 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Friedman, N., Geiger, D., Goldszmidt, M., Provan, G., Langley, P., Smyth, P.: Bayesian network classifiers. Mach. Learn., 131–163. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Quinlan, J.R.: C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Witten, I.H., Frank, E.: Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, 2nd edn. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Romero, C., Ventura, S.: Educational data mining: a review of the state of the art. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C Appl. Rev. 40(6), 601–618 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. García-Saiz, D., Zorrilla, M.E.: e-learning web miner: a data mining application to help instructors involved in virtual courses. In: Pechenizkiy, M., Calders, T., Conati, C., Ventura, S., Romero, C., Stamper, J. (eds.) 4th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, pp. 323–324. International Educational Data Mining Society, Eindhoven (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Benchaffai, M., Debord, G., Merceron, A., Yacef, K.: TADA-ED, a tool to visualize and mine students’ online work. In: McKay, E., Collis, B. (eds.) International Conference on Computers in Education, pp. 1891–1897. RMIT, Melbourne (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Romero, C., Ventura, S., García, E.: Data mining in course management systems: Moodle case study and tutorial. Comput. Educ. 51(1), 368–384 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. García, E., Romero, C., Ventura, S., de Castro, C.: A collaborative educational association rule mining tool. Internet High. Educ. 14(2), 77–88 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Holmes G., Hall, M., Frank, E.: Generating rule sets from model trees. In: 12th A.J.C. on Artificial Intelligence. LNCS, vol. 1747, pp. 1–12. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Romero, C., Ventura, S., Zafra, A., de Bra, P.: Applying web usage mining for personalizing hyperlinks in web-based adaptive educational systems. Comput. Educ. 53(3), 828–840 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Balcázar, J.L., Tîrnauca, C., Zorrilla, M.E.: Filtering association rules with negations on the basis of their confidence boost. In: International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval, pp. 263–268, INSTICC, Valencia (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Zorrilla, M.E., García, D.: A data mining service to assist instructors involved in virtual education. In: Zorrilla, M., Mazón, J., Ferrández, Ó., Garrigós, I., Daniel, F., Trujillo, J. (eds.) Business Intelligence Applications and the Web: Models, Systems and Technologies, pp. 222–243. Business Science Reference, Hershey (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Zorrilla, M.E., García-Saiz, D., Balcázar, J.L.: towards parameter-free data mining: mining educational data with Yacaree. In: Pechenizkiy, M., Calders, T., Conati, C., Ventura, S., Romero, C., Stamper, J. (eds.) 4th International Conference on Educational Data Mining, pp. 363–364. International Educational Data Mining Society, Eindhoven (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Balcázar, J.L.: Parameter-free association rule mining with Yacaree. In: Khenchaf, A., Poncelet, P. (eds.) Extraction et Gestion des Connaissances, pp. 251–254. Hermann, Brest (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Borgelt, C.: Efficient implementations of Apriori and Eclat. In: Goethals, B., Zaki, M.J. (eds.) ICDM Workshop of Frequent ItemSet Mining Implementations. CEUR-WS, Melbourne (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Park, H.S., Jun, C.H.: A simple and fast algorithm for K-medoids clustering. Expert Syst. Appl. 36(2), 3336–3341 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. García-Saiz, D., Zorrilla, M.: Comparing classification methods for predicting distance students’ performance. In: Diethe, T., Balcázar, J.L., Shawe-Taylor, J., Tîrnauca, C. (eds.) Journal of Machine Learning Research, Workshop and Conference Proceedings. 2nd Workshop on Applications of Pattern Analysis, vol. 17, pp. 26–32 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees for their constructive comments, which led to a significant improvement of this paper. The authors are also deeply grateful to CEFONT, the department of the UC that is responsible for LCMS maintenance, for their help and collaboration. Likewise, the authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable collaboration of the instructors involved in the courses analyzed. This work is partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport of the Government of Spain, under grant Beca de colaboración (2012–2013), and by the UC, under a Ph.D. studentship (2011–2015).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marta Zorrilla .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

García-Saiz, D., Palazuelos, C., Zorrilla, M. (2014). Data Mining and Social Network Analysis in the Educational Field: An Application for Non-Expert Users. In: Peña-Ayala, A. (eds) Educational Data Mining. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 524. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02738-8_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02738-8_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-02737-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-02738-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics