Skip to main content
Book cover

Human and Mediated Communication around the World pp 105–135Cite as

Asian Communication

  • 1288 Accesses

Abstract

Asian communication theory is being developed by observing and analyzing Asian commonality and complexity through Asian languages and philosophical traditions or worldviews such as Confucianism, Buddhism, and Hinduism. In the Confucian model of communication, the purpose is to adhere to and sustain the moral order of the human community. A Buddhist-based communication model is the consciousness-only model. An example of an Indian communication philosophy is sadharanikaran, which includes aesthetic enjoyment as a communication objective. Similarities between models are a holistic view of the universe, a relational connection of all things, distinction between in-group and out-group communication, harmony, indirectness, the importance of context, and empathic communication. Taciturnity plays a strong role in East Asian communication. Examples of country-specific models are the Chinese communication model and the Japanese enryo-sasshi model of communication.

Keywords

  • Communication Process
  • Communication Model
  • Human Communication
  • Communication Behavior
  • Interpersonal Communication

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-01249-0_4
  • Chapter length: 31 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-319-01249-0
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions
Fig. 4.1

Literature

  • Adhikary, N. M. (2008). The sadharanikaran model and Aristotle’s model of communication: A comparative study. Bodhi, 2(1), 268–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adhikary, N. M. (2009). An introduction to sadharanikaran model of communication. Bodhi, 3(1), 69–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adhikary, N. M. (2010a). Explorations within: Theorizing communication and positioning media ethics paradigm from Hindu perspective. Media research conference 2010. Kathmandu, 25–26 Mar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adhikary, N. M. (2010b). Sancharyoga: Approaching communication as a Vidya in Hindu orthodoxy. China Media Research, 6(3), 76–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asante, M. K. (2010). Afrocentricity and africology: Theory and practice in the discipline. In J. R. Davidson (Ed.), African American studies (pp. 35–52). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Babbili, A. S. (2008). Ethics and the discourse in post-colonial India. In M. K. Asante, Y. Miike, & J. Yin (Eds.), The global intercultural communication reader (pp. 297–316). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, C. (1991). Tikanga whakaaro. Key concepts in Māori culture. Auckland: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burch, E. (2002). Media literacy, cultural proximity and TV aesthetics: Why Indian soap operas work in Nepal and the Hindu diaspora. Media, Culture & Society, 24(4), 571–579.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, W.-T. (1963). A source book in Chinese philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, H.-C. (2008). Language and words. Communication in the Analects of confucius. In M. K. Asante, Y. Miike, & J. Yin (Eds.), The global intercultural communication reader (pp. 95–112). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G.-M. (2004). The two faces of Chinese communication. Human Communication, 7(1), 26–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G.-M. (2006). Asian communication studies: What and where to now. Review of Communication, 6(4), 295–311.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G.-M. (2007). The impact of Feng Shui on Chinese communication. China Media Research, 3(4), 102–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G.-M. (2009). Toward an I Ching model of communication. China Media Research, 5(3), 72–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G.-M. (2010). Study on Chinese communication behaviors. Hong Kong: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G.-M., & Chung, J. (1994). The impact of Confucianism on organizational communication. Communication Quarterly, 42, 93–105.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G.-M., & Xiao, X.-S. (1993). The impact of “harmony” on Chinese negotiations. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Speech Communication Association, Miami Beach.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G.-M., & Miike, Y. (2006). The ferment and future of communication studies in Asia: Chinese and Japanese perspectives. China Media Research, 2(1), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, G.-M., & Starosta, W. J. (2003). Asian approaches to human communication: A dialogue. Intercultural Communication Studies, XII(4), 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, C. Y. (1987). Chinese philosophy and contemporary human communication theory. In D. L. Kincaid (Ed.), Communication theory. Eastern and Western perspectives (pp. 23–43). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dissanayake, W. (1981). Towards Asian theories of communications. Communicator: Journal of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication, 16(4), 13–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dissanayake, W. (1987). The guiding image in Indian culture and its implications for communication. In D. L. Kincaid (Ed.), Communication theory. Eastern and Western perspectives (pp. 151–160). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dissanayake, W. (2007). Nagarjuna and modern communication theory. China Media Research, 3(4), 34–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dissanayake, W. (2010). Development and communication in Sri Lanka: A Buddhist approach. China Media Research, 6(3), 85–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dissanayake, W. (2013). Personhood, agency, and communication: A Buddhist viewpoint. China Media Research, 9(1), 11–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doi, T. (1973). The anatomy of dependence. Tokyo: Kodansha International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doi, T. (1985). The anatomy of self. The individual versus society. Tokyo: Kodansha International.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, D. (2007). Beyond the failures of Western communication theory. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 2(2), 89–107.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Gunaratne, S. A. (1991). Asian approaches to communication theory. Media Development, 1, 53–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Han, S. A. (2003). Do South Korean adult learners like native English speaking teachers more than Korean teachers of English? AARE conference papers abstracts 2003. www.aare.edu.au/03pap/han03087.pdf. Accessed 9 Feb 2011.

  • Hei, K. C. (2009). Moves in Refusal: How Malaysians say ‘No’. China Media Research, 5(3), 31–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, J. (2002). Masculinity index and communication style: An East Asian perspective. In W. Jia, X. Lu, & D. R. Heisey (Eds.), Chinese communication theory and research: Reflections, new frontiers, and new directions (Advances in communication and culture, pp. 85–102). Westport: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii, S. (1973). Characteristics of Japanese nonverbal communicative behavior. Communication, 2(3), 43–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii, S. (1984). Enryo-Sasshi communication: A key to understanding Japanese interpersonal relations. Cross Currents, 11(1), 49–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii, S. (2004). Proposing a Buddhist consciousness-only epistemological model for intrapersonal communication research. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 33(2), 63–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii, S., & Bruneau, T. (1994). Silence and silences in cross-cultural perspective: Japan and the United States. In L. A. Samovar, R. E. Porter, & E. R. McDaniel (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (7th ed., pp. 246–251). Belmont: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishii, S., & Klopf, D. W. (1976). A comparison of communication activities of Japanese and American adults. Eigo Tembo (ELEC Bulletin), 53, 22–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kincaid, D. L. (1987). Communication east and west: Points of departure. In D. L. Kincaid (Ed.), Communication theory. Eastern and Western perspectives (pp. 331–340). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosaka, T. (2010). Listening to the Buddha’s own words: Participation as a principle of the teachings of the Buddha. China Media Research, 6(3), 94–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, R., & Kumar Sethi, A. (2012). Communicating with Indians. In L. A. Samovar, R. E. Porter, & E. R. McDaniel (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (13th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mao, L. M. (2003). Reflective encounters: Illustrating comparative rhetoric. Style, 37(4), 401–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza, S. L. (2004). Pahiwatig: The role of “Ambiguity” in Filipino American communication patterns. In M. Fong & R. Chuang (Eds.), Communicating ethnic and cultural identity (pp. 151–164). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Midooka, K. (1990). Characteristics of Japanese-style communication. Media Culture & Society, 12, 477–489.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Miike, Y. (2002). Theorizing culture and communication in the Asian context: An assumptive foundation. In G.-M. Chen (Ed.), Culture and communication: An East Asian perspective. Intercultural Communication Studies, XI(1), 1–25. International association for international communication studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miike, Y. (2003). Japanese Enryo-Sasshi communication and the psychology of Amae: Reconsideration and reconceptualization. Keio Communication Review, 25, 93–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miike, Y. (2006). Non-Western theory in Western research? An Asiacentric agenda for Asian communication studies. Review of Communication, 6(1–2), 4–31.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Miike, Y. (2007). “Not Always So”: Japanese assertion-acceptance communication. In D. W. Klopf & J. C. McCroskey (Eds.), Intercultural communication encounters (pp. 189–190). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miike, Y. (2009). “Harmony without Uniformity”: An Asiacentric worldview and its communicative implications. In L. A. Samovar, R. E. Porter, & E. R. McDaniel (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (12th ed., pp. 36–48). Belmont: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miike, Y. (2010a). Enryo-Sasshi theory. In R. L. Jackson II & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Encyclopedia of identity (Vol. 1, pp. 250–252). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miike, Y. (2010b). Culture as text and culture as theory. Asiacentricity and its Raison D’être in intercultural communication research. In T. K. Nakayama & R. T. Halualani (Eds.), The handbook of critical intercultural communication (pp. 190–215). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miike, Y. (2012). Cultural traditions and communication theory: Clarifying the Asiacentric paradigm. China Media Research, 8(3), 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morita, A. (1987). Made in Japan. Great Britain: William Collins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver, R. T. (1971). Communication and culture in ancient India and China. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosario-Braid, F. (1983). Towards a theory of organisational communication: An enquiry into Philippine values. In W. Dissanayake & A. R. B. Mohd Said (Eds.), Communication research and cultural values (pp. 84–105). Singapore: Asian Mass Communication and Information Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sitaram, K. S. (2004). South Asian theories of speech communication: Origins and applications in ancient, modern, and post modern times. Human Communication, 7(4), 85–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suedo, K. (2004). Differences in the perception of face. Chinese Mien-Tzu and Japanese Metsu. In F. E. Jandt (Ed.), Intercultural communication. A global reader (pp. 292–304). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunil, P. (2005). Rasa in Sanskrit drama. The Indian Review of World Literature in English, 1(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Takai, J., & Ota, H. (1994). Assessing Japanese interpersonal communication competence. The Japanese Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33(3), 224–236.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Tardiff, T., Fletcher, P., Liang, W., Zhang, Z., Kaciroti, N., & Marchman, V. A. (2008). Baby’s first ten words. Development Psychology, 44(4), 929–938.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Tezuka, C. (1992). Awase and Sunao in Japanese communication and their implications for cross-cultural communication. Keio Communication Review, 14, 37–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsujimura, A. (1987). Some characteristics of the Japanese way of communication. In D. L. Kincaid (Ed.), Communication theory. Eastern and Western perspectives (pp. 115–126). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yadava, J. S. (1987). Communication in India: The tenets of Sadharanikaran. In D. L. Kincaid (Ed.), Communication theory. Eastern and Western perspectives (pp. 161–171). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin, J. (2009). Confucian communication theory. In S. W. Littlejohn & K. A. Foss (Eds.), Encyclopedia of communication theory (Vol. 2, pp. 170–172). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoon, T.-I. (2010). Shinmyoung, the key concept of Korean communication theory. China Media Research, 6(3), 107–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yum, J. O. (1987a). Korean philosophy and communication. In D. L. Kincaid (Ed.), Communication theory. Eastern and Western perspectives (pp. 71–86). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yum, J. O. (1987b). The practice of Uye-Ri in interpersonal relationships. In D. L. Kincaid (Ed.), Communication theory. Eastern and Western perspectives (pp. 87–100). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yum, J. O. (1988). The impact of confucianism on interpersonal relationships and communication patterns in East Asia. Communication Monographs, 55(4), 374–388.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Yum, J. O. (1994). The impact of confucianism in East Asia. Chapter 2. International cultures: Understanding diversity. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural communication. A reader (8th ed., pp. 78–88). Belmont: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yum, J. O. (2007). Confucianism and communication: Jen, Li, and Ubuntu. China media Research, 3(4), 15–22.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Burgh-Haamstede, The Netherlands

    Marieke de Mooij

Authors
  1. Marieke de Mooij
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

de Mooij, M. (2014). Asian Communication. In: Human and Mediated Communication around the World. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01249-0_4

Download citation