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Particulate Products pp 187–207Cite as

Ceramics: Effect of Powder and Slurry Properties on Quality

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Part of the book series: Particle Technology Series ((POTS,volume 19))

Abstract

Ceramics are widely used in industry. Especially, advanced ceramics are of growing importance for a large variety of industrial applications in relation to excellent features like high mechanical strength, high stability and high functional properties. Good performance results not only from details of ceramic powders but also from adequate focus on the details of the processing steps for manufacturing the ceramic products. This chapter focuses on the detrimental effect that the presence of few large particles, slurry properties and the structure and mechanical properties of granules in the green body have on the strength of the ceramic product. They have been found to initiate weak spots in ceramic products. Also, some new measurement approaches are explained that allow identification of the fracture origin.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In this chapter, average strength of sintered body means the arithmetic average of measured mechanical strength values.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Suita, Japan

    Makio Naito

Authors
  1. Makio Naito
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Makio Naito .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Delft University of Technology, Pijnacker, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands

    Henk G. Merkus

  2. DSM Food Specialities, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands

    Gabriel M.H. Meesters

Annex 6A

Annex 6A

6.1.1 Weibull Distribution for Ceramic Strength

The Weibull function is a continuous probability distribution function that can be used for many purposes. In materials science, it is often used to present the distribution of life times of objects. For ceramics and other construction materials it is applied to express the results of mechanical strength measurements [17]. Under the name Rosin-Rammler distribution it is one of the 2-parameter model functions used for description of particle size distributions.

In its cumulative form, the function is:

$$ F(x)=1-{e}^{-{\left(x/\lambda \right)}^k} $$
(6.2)

where:

x = random variable (here mechanical strength, e.g. flexural strength)

λ = scale or location parameter of the distribution

k = shape or spread parameter of the distribution (Weibull modulus in case of strength)

The function can be linearized via:

$$ - \ln \left(1-F(x)\right)={\left(x/\lambda \right)}^k $$
(6.3)

to:

$$ \ln \left(\hbox{--} \ln \left(1\hbox{--} \mathrm{F}(x)\right)\right)= k\mathit{\cdotp}\left( ln x\right)\hbox{--} k\mathit{\cdotp}\left( ln\lambda \right) $$
(6.4)

Thus, by fitting the measured data to the model, or plotting ln(– ln(1–F(x))) on the Y-axis against (lnx) on the X-axis of graph paper, the two parameters of the distribution can be easily calculated.

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Naito, M. (2014). Ceramics: Effect of Powder and Slurry Properties on Quality. In: Merkus, H., Meesters, G. (eds) Particulate Products. Particle Technology Series, vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00714-4_6

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