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Warum leben manche länger?

  • Chapter
Gerontopsychologie

Auszug

Dieser Beitrag fasst den gegenwärtigen Forschungs- und Erkenntnisstand der Langlebigkeits- bzw. Sterblichkeitsforschung in ausgewählten Bereichen zusammen. Zunächst werden wesentliche Befunde zu psychologischen Faktoren wie Kognition, Persönlichkeit, subjektive Gesundheitseinschätzung, Lebenszufriedenheit und Wahrnehmung des eigenen Alterns in ihren Bezügen zur Lebenslänge dargestellt. Danach werden die Effekte von sozialen Merkmalen (soziale Lage, Familienstand und soziale Unterstützung) und von individuellen Verhaltens- und Lebensstilaspekten speziell unter Geschlechts- und Gemeinschaftsperspektive auf die Sterblichkeit untersucht. Die Auswirkungen von sich verändernden Lebensmöglichkeiten auf die Langlebigkeit von Populationen werden am Beispiel der deutschen Wiedervereinigung demonstriert. Obwohl in neuerer Zeit viele empirisch gut gesicherte Einzelerkenntnisse in den verschiedenen Bereichen gewonnen wurden, hat lediglich das Rauchen einen über alle Studien hinweg nachweisbaren lebensverkürzenden Effekt. Am Ende des Kapitels wird auf neuere theoretische Modelle zur Erklärung der Langlebigkeit hingewiesen, die die biologischen, psychologischen, sozialen, ökologischen und auf den Lebensstil bezogenen Faktoren integrieren. Die empirische Überprüfung des Zusammenspiels der verschiedenen Elemente dieser Modelle ist nach wie vor eine zentrale Aufgabe der modernen Langlebigkeitsforschung.

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  1. Institut für Gerontologie, Universität Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Dr. Christoph Rott & Dagmara Wozniak Dipl.-Gerontol.

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Rott, C., Wozniak, D. (2008). Warum leben manche länger?. In: Gerontopsychologie. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-78390-0_12

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