Abstract
The main causes of malignant obstruction of the main biliary duct are ampullary carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head and carcinoma of the gallbladder. During diagnosis, most of these tumors usually have locally advanced disease or distant metastases. Nevertheless, in such cases if an accurate tissue diagnosis is obtained, preferably without the need of laparotomy, it helps us plan further management [1]. Biliary duct lesions are not always readily accessible to biopsy and cytological techniques have therefore become the initial diagnostic modality in many cases. Brush cytology performed at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has now become the preferred initial method of pursuing tissue diagnosis in many patients with biliary strictures, providing a diagnostic sensitivity of 59% (range 42–85%) [2]. Percutaneous radiologically guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) is an accurate diagnostic technique but it is operator–dependent and requires a sufficiently distinct mass lesion for targeting
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Goumas, K., Poulou, A. (2006). Endoscopic Palliative Management of the Malignancies of the Biliary Tract. In: Karaliotas, C.C., Broelsch, C.E., Habib, N.A. (eds) Liver and Biliary Tract Surgery. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-49277-2_23
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-49277-2_23
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