Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Deep brain stimulation and chemical neuromodulation: current use and perspectives for the future

  • Chapter
Operative Neuromodulation

Part of the book series: Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements ((NEUROCHIRURGICA,volume 97/2))

Abstract

During the last decade there has been a marked increase in the applications of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In addition, the last years were marked by the first studies using the intraparenchymal administration of drugs into the brain. There have been improvements in outcome and an increase in the number of surgical candidates and conditions to be treated. This will act as a driving force to improve the technology applied to design and manufacture new devices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abelson JL, Curtis GC, Sagher O, Albucher RC, Harrigan M, Taylor SF, Martis B, Giordani B (2005) Deep brain stimulation for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 57: 510–516

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Aouizerate B, Cuny E, Martin-Guehl C, Guehl D, Amieva H, Benazzouz A, Fabrigoule C, Allard M, Rougier A, Bioulac B, Tignol J, Burbaud P (2004) Deep brain stimulation of the ventral caudate nucleus in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and major depression. Case report. J Neurosurg 101: 682–686

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Beck KD, Valverde J, Alexi T, Poulsen K, Moffat B, Vandlen RA, Rosenthal A, Hefti F (1995) Mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons protected by GDNF from axotomy-induced degeneration in the adult brain. Nature 373: 339–341

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Benabid AL, Koudsie A, Benazzouz A, Vercueil L, Fraix V, Chabardes S, Lebas JF, Pollak P (2001) Deep brain stimulation of the corpus luysi (subthalamic nucleus) and other targets in Parkinson’s disease. Extension to new indications such as dystonia and epilepsy. J Neurol 248: III37–47

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ben-Menachem E, Manon-Espaillat R, Ristanovic R, Wilder BJ, Stefan H, Mirza W, Tarver WB, Wernicke JF (1994) Vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of partial seizures: 1. A controlled study of effect on seizures. First International Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group. Epilepsia 35: 616–626

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Berk C, Carr J, Sinden M, Martzke J, Honey CR (2002) Thalamic deep brain stimulation for the treatment of tremor due to multiple sclerosis: a prospective study of tremor and quality of life. J Neurosurg 97: 815–820

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bittar RG, Yianni J, Wang S, Liu X, Nandi D, Joint C, Scott R, Bain PG, Gregory R, Stein J, Aziz TZ (2005) Deep brain stimulation for generalised dystonia and spasmodic torticollis. J Clin Neurosci 12: 12–16

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Burchiel KJ, Anderson VC, Brown FD, Fessler RG, Friedman WA, Pelofsky S, Weiner RL, Oakley J, Shatin D (1996) Prospective, multicenter study of spinal cord stimulation for relief of chronic back and extremity pain. Spine 21: 2786–2794

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Canavero S, Bonicalzi V (1995) Cortical stimulation for central pain. J Neurosurg 83: 1117

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Canavero S, Paolotti R, Bonicalzi V, Castellano G, Greco-Crasto S, Rizzo L, Davini O, Zenga F, Ragazzi P (2002) Extradural motor cortex stimulation for advanced Parkinson disease. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg 97: 1208–1211

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Chabardes S, Kahane P, Minotti L, Koudsie A, Hirsch E, Benabid AL (2002) Deep brain stimulation in epilepsy with particular reference to the subthalamic nucleus. Epileptic Disord 4Suppl 3: S83–S93

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Charles PD, Van Blercom N, Krack P, Lee SL, Xie J, Besson G, Benabid AL, Pollak P (2002) Predictors of effective bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for PD. Neurology 59: 932–934

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Coubes P, Roubertie A, Vayssiere N, Hemm S, Echenne B (2000) Treatment of DYT1-generalised dystonia by stimulation of the internal globus pallidus. Lancet 355: 2220–2221

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Daniele A, Albanese A, Contarino MF, Zinzi P, Barbier A, Gasparini F, Romito LM, Bentivoglio AR, Scerrati M (2003) Cognitive and behavioural effects of chronic stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74: 175–182

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Detante O, Vercueil L, Thobois S, Broussolle E, Costes N, Lavenne F, Chabardes S, Lebars D, Vidailhet M, Benabid AL, Pollak P (2004) Globus pallidus internus stimulation in primary generalized dystonia: a H215O PET study. Brain 127: 1899–1908

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. During MJ, Kaplitt MG, Stern MB, Eidelberg D (2001) Subthalamic GAD gene transfer in Parkinson disease patients who are candidates for deep brain stimulation. Hum Gene Ther 12: 1589–1591

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Eliasson T, Augustinsson LE, Mannheimer C (1996) Spinal cord stimulation in severe angina pectoris — presentation of current studies, indications and clinical experience. Pain 65: 169–179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Eltahawy HA, Saint-Cyr J, Giladi N, Lang AE, Lozano AM (2004) Primary dystonia is more responsive than secondary dystonia to pallidal interventions: outcome after pallidotomy or pallidal deep brain stimulation. Neurosurgery 54: 613–619; discussion 619–621

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Eltahawy HA, Saint-Cyr J, Poon YY, Moro E, Lang AE, Lozano AM (2004) Pallidal deep brain stimulation in cervical dystonia: clinical outcome in four cases. Can J Neurol Sci 31: 328–332

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Franzini A, Ferroli P, Leone M, Broggi G (2003) Stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus for treatment of chronic intractable cluster headaches: first reported series. Neurosurgery 52: 1095–1099; discussion 1099–1101

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. George MS, Rush AJ, Marangell LB, Sackeim HA, Brannan SK, Davis SM, Howland R, Kling MA, Moreno F, Rittberg B, Dunner D, Schwartz T, Carpenter L, Burke M, Ninan P, Goodnick P (2005) A one-year comparison of vagus nerve stimulation with treatment as usual for treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry 58: 364–373

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Gill SS, Patel NK, Hotton GR, O’Sullivan K, McCarter R, Bunnage M, Brooks DJ, Svendsen CN, Heywood P (2003) Direct brain infusion of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in Parkinson disease. Nat Med 9: 589–595

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Hamani C, Richter E, Schwalb JM, Lozano AM (2005) Bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review of the clinical literature. Neurosurgery 56: 1313–1321; discussion 1321–1324

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Handforth A, DeGiorgio CM, Schachter SC, Uthman BM, Naritoku DK, Tecoma ES, Henry TR, Collins SD, Vaughn BV, Gilmartin RC, Labar DR, Morris GL 3rd, Salinsky MC, Osorio I, Ristanovic RK, Labiner DM, Jones JC, Murphy JV, Ney GC, Wheless JW (1998) Vagus nerve stimulation therapy for partial-onset seizures: a randomized active-control trial. Neurology 51: 48–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hassenbusch SJ, Stanton-Hicks M, Schoppa D, Walsh JG, Covington EC (1996) Long-term results of peripheral nerve stimulation for reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Neurosurg 84: 415–423

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hassler R, Dieckmann G (1970) Stereotaxic treatment of tics and inarticulate cries or coprolalia considered as motor obsessional phenomena in Gilles de la Tourette’s disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 123: 89–100

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Herzog J, Volkmann J, Krack P, Kopper F, Potter M, Lorenz D, Steinbach M, Klebe S, Hamel W, Schrader B, Weinert D, Muller D, Mehdorn HM, Deuschl G (2003) Two-year follow-up of subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 18: 1332–1337

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Hodaie M, Wennberg RA, Dostrovsky JO, Lozano AM (2002) Chronic anterior thalamus stimulation for intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia 43: 603–608

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Hooper J, Taylor R, Pentland B, Whittle IR (2002) A prospective study of thalamic deep brain stimulation for the treatment of movement disorders in multiple sclerosis. Br J Neurosurg 16: 102–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Jenkinson N, Nandi D, Miall RC, Stein JF, Aziz TZ (2004) Pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation improves akinesia in a Parkinsonian monkey. Neuroreport 15: 2621–2624

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Jimenez F, Velasco F, Salin-Pascual R, Hernandez JA, Velasco M, Criales JL, Nicolini H (2005) A patient with a resistant major depression disorder treated with deep brain stimulation in the inferior thalamic peduncle. Neurosurgery 57: 585–593; discussion 585–593

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kaplitt MG (2005) Gene therapy for neurological disorders. 14th World Federation of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Meeting

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kerrigan JF, Litt B, Fisher RS, Cranstoun S, French JA, Blum DE, Dichter M, Shetter A, Baltuch G, Jaggi J, Krone S, Brodie M, Rise M, Graves N (2004) Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Epilepsia 45: 346–354

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Krack P, Batir A, Van Blercom N, Chabardes S, Fraix V, Ardouin C, Koudsie A, Limousin PD, Benazzouz A, LeBas JF, Benabid AL, Pollak P (2003) Five-year follow-up of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 349: 1925–1934

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Krause M, Fogel W, Kloss M, Rasche D, Volkmann J, Tronnier V (2004) Pallidal stimulation for dystonia. Neurosurgery 55: 1361–1368; discussion 1368–1370

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Krauss JK (2002) Deep brain stimulation for dystonia in adults. Overview and developments. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 78: 168–182

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Krauss JK, Loher TJ, Pohle T, Weber S, Taub E, Barlocher CB, Burgunder JM (2002) Pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with cervical dystonia and severe cervical dyskinesias with cervical myelopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 72: 249–256

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Krauss JK, Yianni J, Loher TJ, Aziz TZ (2004) Deep brain stimulation for dystonia. J Clin Neurophysiol 21: 18–30

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Kumar K, Nath R, Wyant GM (1991) Treatment of chronic pain by epidural spinal cord stimulation: a 10-year experience. J Neurosurg 75: 402–407

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Kumar K, Toth C, Nath RK (1997) Deep brain stimulation for intractable pain: a 15-year experience. Neurosurgery 40: 736–746; discussion 746–747

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kumar K, Wyant GM, Nath R (1990) Deep brain stimulation for control of intractable pain in humans, present and future: a ten-year follow-up. Neurosurgery 26: 774–781; discussion 781–782

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Law JD, Swett J, Kirsch WM (1980) Retrospective analysis of 22 patients with chronic pain treated by peripheral nerve stimulation. J Neurosurg 52: 482–485

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Levy RM, Lamb S, Adams JE (1987) Treatment of chronic pain by deep brain stimulation: long term follow-up and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 21: 885–893

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Loher TJ, Hasdemir MG, Burgunder JM, Krauss JK (2000) Long-term follow-up study of chronic globus pallidus internus stimulation for posttraumatic hemidystonia. J Neurosurg 92: 457–460

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Lozano AM, Abosch A (2004) Pallidal stimulation for dystonia. Adv Neurol 94: 301–308

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Luo J, Kaplitt MG, Fitzsimons HL, Zuzga DS, Liu Y, Oshinsky ML, During MJ (2002) Subthalamic GAD gene therapy in a Parkinson’s disease rat model. Science 298: 425–429

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Matharu MS, Bartsch T, Ward N, Frackowiak RS, Weiner R, Goadsby PJ (2003) Central neuromodulation in chronic migraine patients with suboccipital stimulators: a PET study. Brain

    Google Scholar 

  48. Mayberg HS, Lozano AM, Voon V, McNeely HE, Seminowicz D, Hamani C, Schwalb JM, Kennedy SH (2005) Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Neuron 45: 651–660

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Mazzone P (2005) DBS for movement disorders: where are we going? 14th World Federation of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Meeting

    Google Scholar 

  50. Nashold BS (1980) Peripheral nerve stimulation for pain. J Neurosurg 53: 132–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Nguyen JP, Lefaucheur JP, Decq P, Uchiyama T, Carpentier A, Fontaine D, Brugieres P, Pollin B, Feve A, Rostaing S, Cesaro P, Keravel Y (eds) (1999) Chronic motor cortex stimulation in the treatment of central and neuropathic pain. Correlations between clinical, electrophysiological and anatomical data. Pain 82: 245–251

    Google Scholar 

  52. Nutt JG, Burchiel KJ, Comella CL, Jankovic J, Lang AE, Laws ER Jr, Lozano AM, Penn RD, Simpson RK Jr, Stacy M, Wooten GF (2003) Randomized, double-blind trial of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in PD. Neurology 60: 69–73

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Nuttin B, Cosyns P, Demeulemeester H, Gybels J, Meyerson B (1999) Electrical stimulation in anterior limbs of internal capsules in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Lancet 354: 1526

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Nuttin BJ, Gabriels LA, Cosyns PR, Meyerson BA, Andreewitch S, Sunaert SG, Maes AF, Dupont PJ, Gybels JM, Gielen F, Demeulemeester HG (2003) Long-term electrical capsular stimulation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neurosurgery 52: 1263–1272; discussion 1272–1274

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Ondo W, Almaguer M, Jankovic J, Simpson RK (2001) Thalamic deep brain stimulation: comparison between unilateral and bilateral placement. Arch Neurol 58: 218–222

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Pahapill PA, Lozano AM (2000) The pedunculopontine nucleus and Parkinson’s disease. Brain 123 (Pt 9): 1767–1783

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Pahwa R, Lyons KL, Wilkinson SB, Carpenter MA, Troster AI, Searl JP, Overman J, Pickering S, Koller WC (1999) Bilateral thalamic stimulation for the treatment of essential tremor. Neurology 53: 1447–1450

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Pahwa R, Wilkinson SB, Overman J, Lyons KE (2003) Bilateral subthalamic stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease: long-term follow up. J Neurosurg 99: 71–77

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Rehncrona S, Johnels B, Widner H, Tornqvist AL, Hariz M, Sydow O (2003) Long-term efficacy of thalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor: double-blind assessments. Mov Disord 18: 163–170

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Rezai A (2005) DBS for psychiatric disorders. 14th World Federation of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Meeting

    Google Scholar 

  61. Rodriguez MC, Obeso JA, Olanow CW (1998) Subthalamic nucleus-mediated excitotoxicity in Parkinson’s disease: a target for neuroprotection. Ann Neurol 44: S175–S188

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Rush AJ, George MS, Sackeim HA, Marangell LB, Husain MM, Giller C, Nahas Z, Haines S, Simpson RK Jr, Goodman R (2000) Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for treatment-resistant depressions: a multicenter study. Biol Psychiatry 47: 276–286

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Rush AJ, Marangell LB, Sackeim HA, George MS, Brannan SK, Davis SM, Howland R, Kling MA, Rittberg BR, Burke WJ, Rapaport MH, Zajecka J, Nierenberg AA, Husain MM, Ginsberg D, Cooke RG (2005) Vagus nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: a randomized, controlled acute phase trial. Biol Psychiatry 58: 347–354

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Rush AJ, Sackeim HA, Marangell LB, George MS, Brannan SK, Davis SM, Lavori P, Howland R, Kling MA, Rittberg B, Carpenter L, Ninan P, Moreno F, Schwartz T, Conway C, Burke M, Barry JJ (2005) Effects of 12 months of vagus nerve stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: a naturalistic study. Biol Psychiatry 58: 355–363

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Simth JR, Murro AM, Politsky J, Park YD, Fountas KN, Jenkins PD, Greene D (2004) Closed loop stimulation in the control of focal epilepsy. ASSFN Biennial Meeting. Cleveland, OH

    Google Scholar 

  66. Simuni T, Jaggi JL, Mulholland H, Hurtig HI, Colcher A, Siderowf AD, Ravina B, Skolnick BE, Goldstein R, Stern MB, Baltuch GH (2002) Bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson disease: a study of efficacy and safety. J Neurosurg 96: 666–672

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Sun B (2005) Subthalamic nucleus stimulation for primary dystonia and tardive dyskinesia. 14th World Federation of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Meeting

    Google Scholar 

  68. Thobois S, Mertens P, Guenot M, Hermier M, Mollion H, Bouvard M, Chazot G, Broussolle E, Sindou M (2002) Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: clinical evaluation of 18 patients. J Neurol 249: 529–534

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Tomac A, Lindqvist E, Lin LF, Ogren SO, Young D, Hoffer BJ, Olson L (1995) Protection and repair of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system by GDNF in vivo. Nature 373: 335–339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Tsubokawa T, Katayama Y, Yamamoto T, Hirayama T, Koyama S (1991) Chronic motor cortex stimulation for the treatment of central pain. Acta Neurochir Suppl 52: 137–139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Vandewalle V, van der Linden C, Groenewegen HJ, Caemaert J (1999) Stereotactic treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome by high frequency stimulation of thalamus. Lancet 353: 724

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Velasco F, Velasco M, Ogarrio C, Fanghanel G (1987) Electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nucleus in the treatment of convulsive seizures: a preliminary report. Epilepsia 28: 421–430

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Velasco F, Velasco M, Velasco AL, Jimenez F (1993) Effect of chronic electrical stimulation of the centromedian thalamic nuclei on various intractable seizure patterns: I. Clinical seizures and paroxysmal EEG activity. Epilepsia 34: 1052–1064

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Velasco M, Velasco F, Velasco AL (2001) Centromedian-thalamic and hippocampal electrical stimulation for the control of intractable epileptic seizures. J Clin Neurophysiol 18: 495–513

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Velasco M, Velasco F, Velasco AL, Boleaga B, Jimenez F, Brito F, Marquez I (2000) Subacute electrical stimulation of the hippocampus blocks intractable temporal lobe seizures and paroxysmal EEG activities. Epilepsia 41: 158–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Vercueil L, Pollak P, Fraix V, Caputo E, Moro E, Benazzouz A, Xie J, Koudsie A, Benabid AL (2001) Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of severe dystonia. J Neurol 248: 695–700

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Vidailhet M, Vercueil L, Houeto JL, Krystkowiak P, Benabid AL, Cornu P, Lagrange C, Tezenas du Montcel S, Dormont D, Grand S, Blond S, Detante O, Pillon B, Ardouin C, Agid Y, Destee A, Pollak P (2005) Bilateral deep-brain stimulation of the globus pallidus in primary generalized dystonia. N Engl J Med 352: 459–467

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Vingerhoets FJ, Villemure JG, Temperli P, Pollo C, Pralong E, Ghika J (2002) Subthalamic DBS replaces levodopa in Parkinson’s disease: two-year follow-up. Neurology 58: 396–401

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Visser-Vandewalle V, Temel Y, van der Linden C, Ackermans L, Beuls E (2004) Deep brain stimulation in movement disorders. The applications reconsidered. Acta Neurol Belg 104: 33–36

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Vonck K, Boon P, Achten E, De Reuck J, Caemaert J (2002) Long-term amygdalohippocampal stimulation for refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol 52: 556–565

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Vonck K, Boon P, Goossens L, Dedeurwaerdere S, Claeys P, Gossiaux F, Van Hese P, De Smedt T, Raedt R, Achten E, Deblaere K, Thieleman A, Vandemaele P, Thiery E, Vingerhoets G, Miatton M, Caemaert J, Van Roost D, Baert E, Michielsen G, Dewaele F, Van Laere K, Thadani V, Robertson D, Williamson P (2003) Neurostimulation for refractory epilepsy. Acta Neurol Belg 103: 213–217

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Weiner RL (2003) Peripheral nerve neurostimulation. Neurosurg Clin N Am 14: 401–408

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Welter ML, Houeto JL, Tezenas du Montcel S, Mesnage V, Bonnet AM, Pillon B, Arnulf I, Pidoux B, Dormont D, Cornu P, Agid Y (2002) Clinical predictive factors of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 125: 575–583

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, West Wing 4-447, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Canada, ON, M5T 2S8

    C. Hamani, J. S. Neimat & Andres M. Lozano

Authors
  1. C. Hamani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. S. Neimat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Andres M. Lozano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andres M. Lozano .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Damianos E. Sakas

  2. University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK

    Brian A. Simpson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer-Verlag

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hamani, C., Neimat, J.S., Lozano, A.M. (2007). Deep brain stimulation and chemical neuromodulation: current use and perspectives for the future. In: Sakas, D.E., Simpson, B.A. (eds) Operative Neuromodulation. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements, vol 97/2. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-33081-4_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-33081-4_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-211-33080-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-211-33081-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation