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Patterns of de novo DNA methylation and promoter inhibition: Studies on the adenovirus and the human genomes

  • Chapter
DNA Methylation

Part of the book series: EXS ((EXS,volume 64))

Abstract

Mammalian DNA, in particular human DNA, is characterized by the existence of very specific, apparently inter-individually strictly conserved patterns of DNA methylation. These patterns are represented by the probably unique distribution of the modified nucleotide 5-methyl-deoxycytidine (5-mC) in many different sequences of mammalian DNA. Most likely, 5-mC is the only modified nucleotide in mammalian DNA, at least the one present in measurable quantity. On the basis of the occurrence of established patterns of 5-mC in mammalian genomes, it is justified to consider 5-mC a fifth, functionally significant nucleotide. We can state in rather general terms that 5-mC in a specific sequence motif can lead to the modulation of DNA-protein interactions, however, we cannot predict from the sequence environment of an individual 5-mC residue whether and what type of modulation will ensue. As for DNA- protein interactions in general, we do not yet know the code, the dictionary, that governs these interactions, even with non-5-mC-containing sequences. It can be safely predicted that DNA-protein interactions lie at the core of many biological mechanisms. Therefore, it is more than a bias when researchers working on DNA methylation ascribe a crucial role to 5-mC, one that is equivalent, though different in nature, to that of the other four nucleotides in DNA. The stability of patterns in the distribution of 5-mC across parts of the genome points to a function of these patterns in the structural and functional organization of the genome. This notion has, of course, not yet been proven, hence many of us are working to unravel in a step-by-step manner the structural and functional intricacies of this fascinating genetic signal.

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  1. Institut für Genetik, Universität zu Köln, Weyertal 121, D-5000, Köln 41, Germany

    Walter Doerfler

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  1. Walter Doerfler
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  1. Friedrich Miescher-Institut, P.O. Box 2543, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland

    Jean-Pierre Jost

  2. IRBM, Via Pontina Km 30,600, I-00040, Pomenzia (Roma), Italy

    Hans-Peter Saluz

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Doerfler, W. (1993). Patterns of de novo DNA methylation and promoter inhibition: Studies on the adenovirus and the human genomes. In: Jost, JP., Saluz, HP. (eds) DNA Methylation. EXS, vol 64. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9118-9_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9118-9_12

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