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Evolutionary Mechanisms of Defense Reactions pp 27–86Cite as

Birkhäuser

Protostomes

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Part of the book series: Advances in Life Sciences ((ALS))

Abstract

From general points of environmental and agroeconomic importance, the annelids, and particularly the oligochaetes, have attracted scientific attention for more than a hundred years. Charles Darwin (1881) summarized their natural role concisely: “It may be doubted whether there are many other animals which have played so important a part in the history of the world, as have these lowly organized creatures.” Since the early 1960s a group of researchers headed by E. L. Cooper have investigated the fundamental immune mechanisms of earthworms. Plenty of data has been accumulated up to the present, which has converted the earthworms into a general experimental model of invertebrate immunity, “the mice” of invertebrates. The most recent review of earthworm immunity is by Cooper (1996).

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  1. Dept. of Pathology School of Medicine Div. of Experimental Immunology and Immunopathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 20292, USA

    Václav Větvička Ph. D. (Assistant Professor)

  2. Dept. of Immunology Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic

    Petr Šíma Ph. D. (Senior Research Scientist)

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Větvička, V., Šíma, P. (1998). Protostomes. In: Evolutionary Mechanisms of Defense Reactions. Advances in Life Sciences. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8835-6_4

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