Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Progress in Drug Research pp 1–50Cite as

Birkhäuser

Drugs, the human genome, and individual-based medicine

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Progress in Drug Research ((PDR,volume 58))

Summary

The so-called “Genomic Revolution” has made possible the high-resolution sequencing of the DNA making up the human genome. One of the main conclusions of the currently available sequencing data is that individuals differ genetically from one another via sequence variations in their genomes. When affected genes are transcribed and translated, some of these sequence variations result in protein products that may affect the functioning of the proteins. This has led to widespread optimism that information on an individual’s pattern of sequence variations will lead to drugs that target that individual’s variant proteins and make “individual-based medicine” possible. In this chapter some of the assumptions underlying the proposed production of individual drug treatments are examined. The assumptions are viewed in the light of very recent experimental evidence about the sequence patterns found in humans. Also discussed are ancillary ethical problems in cataloging and using databases containing individuals’ sequence data, what human genomic sequences are revealing about the use of animal models in developing drugs, and how evidence is mounting that the human genome is only one element serving to maintain an organism’s interaction with its environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. C.R. Cantor: Mol. Diagn. 4,287 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. A.D. Roses: Novartis Found. Symp. 229, 63 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. M.M. Shi, M.R. Bleavins and F.A. de la Iglesia: Mol. Diagn. 4, 343 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. S. Jones: Genetics in Medicine: Real Promises, Unreal Expectations. Milbank Memorial Fund, New York 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  5. J. Lazarou, B.H. Pomeranz and P.N. Corey: JAMA 279, 1200 (1998).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Kvasz, I.E. Allen, M.J. Gordon, E.Y. Ro, R. Estok, I. Olkin and S.D. Ross: Med. Gen. Med. E3 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  7. T.R. Einarson: Ann. Pharmacother. 27, 832 (1993).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. D.W. Bates, D.J. Cullen, N. Laird, L.A. Petersen, S.D. Small, D. Servi, G. Laffel, B.J. Sweitzer, B.F. Shea, R. Hallisey et al.: JAMA 274, 29 (1995).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. D.W. Bates, N. Spell, D.J. Cullen, E. Burdick, N. Laird, L.A. Petersen, S.D. Small, B.J. Sweitzer and L.L. Leape: JAMA 277, 307 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. I.R. Edwards and J.K. Aronson: Lancet 356, 1255 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. I.R. Edwards: J. R. Coll. Physicians Lond. 34, 48 (2000).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. D.B. Jefferys, D. Leakey, J.A. Lewis, S. Payne and M.D. Rawlins: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 45, 151 (1998).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J.K. Borchardt: Mod. Drug Disc. 4, 35 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  14. J.A. DiMasi: Drug Inf. J. 34, 1169 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. K.I. Kaitin and J.A. DiMasi: Drug Inf. J. 34, 673 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Aldridge: Gen. Eng. News 21, 29 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  17. F.S. Collins: N. Engl. J. Med. 341, 28 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. R.C. Strohman: Perspect. Biol. Med. 37, 112 (1993).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. R.C. Strohman: Toward an Epigenetic Biology & Medicine, http://www.mentalhelp.net/perspectives/articles/art05963.htm

  20. J. Beisson and T.M. Sonneborn: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 53, 275 (1965).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. S.F. Ng and R.J. Williams: J. Protozool. 24, 257 (1977).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. A.P. Wolffe and M.A. Matzke: Science 286, 481 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Wright: Phys. Rev. 21, 487 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  24. E.J. Sijbrands, R.G. Westendorp, J.C. Defesche, P.H. de Meier, A.H. Smelt and J.J. Kastelein: BMJ 322, 1019 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. R.R. Williams, S.J. Hasstedt, D.E. Wilson, K.O. Ash, F.F. Yanowitz, G.E. Reiber and H. Kuida: JAMA 255, 219 (1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. A.F. Vuorio, H. Turtola, K.M. Piilahti, P. Repo, T. Kanninen and K. Kontula: Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 17, 3127 (1997).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. T. McKeown: The Role of Medicine: Dream, Mirage or Nemesis? Princeton University Press, Princeton 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  28. T. McKeown: The Origins of Human Disease. Basil Blackwell, Inc., New York 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  29. A.D. Roses: Lancet 355, 1358 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. R.S. Hockwald, J. Arnold, C.B. Clayman and A.S. Alving: JAMA 149, 1568 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. M. Przeworski, R.R. Hudson and A. Di Rienzo: Trends Genet. 16, 296 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. M. Kimura: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 63, 1181 (1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. M. Kimura: Nature 217, 624 (1968).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. A.M. Issa: Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 21, 247 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. H. Rose: The Commodification of Bioinformation: The Icelandic Health Sector Database, Wellcome Trust, London 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  36. G.J. Annas: N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 1830 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. D. Winickoff: N. Engl. J. Med. 343, 1734; discussion 1735 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  38. R. Fears and G. Poste: Science 284, 267 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. R. Fears, D. Roberts and G. Poste: BMJ 320, 933 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. K.Y. Kreeger: The Scientist 15, 32 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  41. P.E. Carson, C.L. Flanagan, C.E. Ickes and S. Alving: Science 124, 484 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. H.B. Hughes, J.P. Biehl, A.P. Jones and L.H. Schmidt: Am. Rev. Tuberc. 70, 266 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. H. Lehmann and E. Ryan: Lancet 211, 124 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. F. Bernheim and M.L.C. Bernheim: J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 64, 209 (1938).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. A.G. Motulsky: JAMA 165, 835 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. E.S. Vesell: Pharmacol. 61, 118 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. E.S. Vesell: J. Clin. Pharmacol. 40, 930 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. D.W. Nebert: Clin. Genet. 56, 247 (1999).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. A. Chakravarti: Nat. Genet. 19, 216 (1998).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. J.C. Venter, M.D. Adams, E.W. Myers, P.W. Li, R.J. Mural, G.G. Sutton, H.O. Smith, M. Yandell, C.A. Evans, R.A. Holt et al.: Science 291, 1304 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. E.S. Lander, L.M. Linton, B. Birren, C. Nusbaum, M.C. Zody, J. Baldwin, K. Devon, K. Dewar, M. Doyle, W. FitzHugh et al.: Nature 409, 860 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. N. Katsanis, K.C. Worley and J.R. Lupski: Nature Genetics 29, 88 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. J.B. Hogenesch, K.A. Ching, S. Batalov, A.I. Su, J.R. Walker, Y. Zhou, S.A. Kay, P.G. Schultz and M.P. Cooke: Cell 106, 413 (2001)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. J.C. Stephens, J.A. Schneider, D.A. Tanguay, J. Choi, T. Acharya, S.E. Stanley, R. Jiang, C.J. Messer, A. Chew, J.-H. Han et al.: Science 293, 489 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. R. Grantham: Science 185, 862 (1974).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. W.H. Li, C.I. Wu and C.C. Luo: J. Mol. Evol. 21, 58 (1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. C.M. Drysdale, D.W. McGraw, C.B. Stack, J.C. Stephens, R.S. Judson, K. Nandabalan, K. Arnold, G. Ruano and S.B. Liggett: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 10483 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. J.M. Drazen, E. Israel, H.A. Boushey, V.M. Chinchilli, J.V. Fahy, J.E. Fish, S.C. Lazarus, R.F. Lemanske, R.J. Martin, S.P. Peters et al.: N. Engl. J. Med. 335, 841 (1996).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. S.B. Liggett and D.A. Meyers (eds): The Genetics of Asthma. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  60. P.M. O’Byrne and H.A. Kerstjens: N. Engl. J. Med. 335, 886 (1996).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. S.B. Liggett: Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 156, 5156 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  62. E. Israel, J.M. Drazen, S.B. Liggett, H.A. Boushey, R.M. Cherniack, V.M. Chinchilli, D.M. Cooper, J.V. Fahy, J.E. Fish, J.G. Ford et al.: Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 124, 183 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. L. Helmuth: Science 293, 583 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. J. McCarthy: Trends Pharma. Sci. 21, 461 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Y. Shinohara, Y. Ezura, H. Iwasaki, I. Nakazawa, R. Ishida, M. Kodaira, M. Kajita, T. Shiba and M. Emi: J Hum. Genet. 46, 494 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. I. Nakazawa, T. Nakajima, T. Ishigami, S. Umemura and M. Emi: J Hum. Genet. 46, 367 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. N. Sato, T. Katsuya, T. Nakagawa, K. Ishikawa, Y. Fu, T. Asai, M. Fukuda, F. Suzuki, Y. Nakamura, J. Higaki et al.: Life Sci. 68, 259 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. G.B. Makara and J. Haller: Prog. Neurobiol. 65, 367 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. D. Gurwitz and A. Weizman: Drug Discov. Today 6, 766 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. J. Kawai, A. Shinagawa, K. Shibata, M. Yoshino, M. Itoh, Y. Ishii, T. Arakawa, A. Hara, Y. Fukunishi, H. Konno et al.: Nature 409, 685 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. K. Lindblad-Toh, E. Winchester, M.J. Daly, D.G. Wang, J.N. Hirschhorn, J.P. Laviolette, K. Ardlie, D.E. Reich, E. Robinson, P. Sklar et al.: Nat. Genet. 24, 381 (2000).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. J. Wallace: The Scientist 15, 10 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  73. W. Gilbert: Nature 271, 501 (1978).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. N. Heuze, S. Olayat, N. Gutman, M.L. Zani and Y. Courty: Cancer Res. 59, 2820 (1999).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. X. Zhang, J. Zhao, C. Li, S. Gao, C. Qiu, P. Liu, G. Wu, B. Qiang, W.H. Lo and Y. Shen: Nat. Genet. 27, 151 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. S. Xiao, C. Yu, X. Chou, W. Yuan, Y. Wang, L. Bu, G. Fu, M. Qian, J. Yang, Y. Shi et al.: Nat. Genet. 27, 201 (2001).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. E. Dequeker, S. Ramsden, W.W. Grody, T.T. Stenzel and D.E. Barton: Nature Rev. Gen. 2, (2001).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Global Scientific Consulting LLC, 15 Colton St., Farmington, CT, 06032, USA

    Jay A. Glasel

Authors
  1. Jay A. Glasel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Steinweg 28, Ettingen, CH-4107, Switzerland

    Ernst Jucker

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer Basel AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Glasel, J.A. (2002). Drugs, the human genome, and individual-based medicine. In: Jucker, E. (eds) Progress in Drug Research. Progress in Drug Research, vol 58. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8183-8_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8183-8_1

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9468-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-8183-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation