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Free Radicals and Aging pp 280–298Cite as

Carotenoids in the retina — A review of their possible role in preventing or limiting damage caused by light and oxygen

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Part of the EXS book series (EXS,volume 62)

Summary

Two of the circa 600 naturally occurring carotenoids, zeaxanthin and lutein, the major carotenoids of maize and melon respectively, are the constituents of the macula lutea, the yellow spot in the macula, the central part of the retina in primates and humans. Of the circa ten carotenoids found in the blood these two are specifically concentrated in this area, which is responsible for sharp and detailed vision. This paper reviews the ideas that this concentration of dietary carotenoids in the macula is not accidental, but that their presence may prevent or limit damage due to their physicochemical properties and their capability to quench oxygen free radicals and singlet oxygen, which are generated in the retina as a consequence of the simultaneous presence of light and oxygen. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo animal experiments are reviewed as well as observational and epidemiological data in humans. These show that there is enough circumstantial evidence for a protective role of carotenoids in the retina to justify further research. Some emphasis will be put on age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a multifactorial degenerative retinal disease for which the exposure to light and thus photochemical damage has been suggested as one of the etiological factors. Recent attempts at nutritional intervention in this condition will also be reviewed.

Keywords

  • Retinal Pigment Epithelium
  • Singlet Oxygen
  • Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell
  • Retinitis Pigmentosa
  • Outer Segment

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vitamins & Fine Chemical Division, F. Hoffmann — La Roche, Human Nutrition Research, Basel, Switzerland

    Wolfgang Schalch

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  1. Wolfgang Schalch
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  1. C.N.R.S., Institut Biomédical des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 15–21, Rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, F-75006, Paris, France

    Dr. Ingrid Emerit (Directeur de Recherche) (Directeur de Recherche)

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, D-501 Richards Building, 19104-6089, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Prof. Britton Chance

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Schalch, W. (1992). Carotenoids in the retina — A review of their possible role in preventing or limiting damage caused by light and oxygen. In: Emerit, I., Chance, B. (eds) Free Radicals and Aging. EXS, vol 62. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7460-1_29

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