Summary
Crude palm oil is known to be the richest natural plant source of carotenoids in terms of retinol (provitamin A) equivalents. Currently, however, these carotenoids are destroyed during physical refining of the oil. In view of the physiological importance of these carotenoids, various methods of isolation have been attempted and these include saponification, urea inclusion, selective solvent extraction, adsorption, molecular distillation and transesterification followed by distillation of esters. This paper will describe the processes developed in PORIM which yield carotenoid concentrates of > 80,000 ppm. These are based on (a) adsorption and (b) molecular distillation methods. Another method for the production of red palm oil will also be described. Chemical analysis of the carotenoid concentrates and red palm oil reveals eleven components viz α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, α-zeacarotene, β-zeacarotene, ς-carotene, γ-carotene, δ-carotene and neurosporene. The presentation of the carotenoid concentrate in different forms (capsules, powder and emulsion) has been developed and the stability of carotenoids in these forms has been evaluated. Toxicological tests showed that the carotenoid concentrate is safe. A review of the biological activities of these carotenoids e.g. their ability to quench singlet oxygen, anti-tumour activity and anti-atherosclerotic activity, is presented.
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Choo, Y.M., Yap, S.C., Ooi, C.K., Ong, A.S.H., Goh, S.H. (1992). Production of Palm Oil Carotenoid Concentrate and its Potential Application in Nutrition. In: Ong, A.S.H., Packer, L. (eds) Lipid-Soluble Antioxidants: Biochemistry and Clinical Applications. Molecular and Cell Biology Updates. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7432-8_20
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7432-8_20
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