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Oligonucleotide Fingerprinting Using Simple Repeat Motifs: A Convenient, Ubiquitously Applicable Method to Detect Hypervariability for Multiple Purposes

  • Chapter
DNA Fingerprinting: Approaches and Applications

Part of the book series: Experientia Supplementum ((EXS,volume 58))

Summary

A panel of simple repetitive oligonucleotide probes has been designed and tested for multilocus DNA fingerprinting in some 200 fungal, plant and animal species as well as man. To date at least one of the probes has been found to be informative in each species. The human genome, however, has been the major target of many fingerprinting studies. Using the probe (CAC)5 or (GTG)5, individualization of all humans is possible except for monozygotic twins. Paternity analyses are now performed on a routine basis by the use of multilocus fingerprints, including also cases of deficiency, i.e. where one of the parents is not available for analysis. In forensic science stain analysis is feasible in all tissue remains containing nucleated cells. Depending on the degree of DNA degradation a variety of oligonucleotides are informative, and they have been proven useful in actual case work. Advantages in comparison to other methods including enzymatic DNA amplification techniques (PCR) are evident. Fingerprint patterns of tumors may be changed due to the gain or loss of chromosomes and/or intrachromosomal deletion and amplification events. Locus-specific probes were isolated from the human (CAC)5/(GTG)5 fingerprint with a varying degree of informativeness (monomorphic versus truly hypervariable markers). The feasibility of three different approaches for the isolation of hypervariable mono-locus probes was evaluated. Finally, one particular mixed simple (gt)n(ga)m repeat locus in the second intron of the HLA-DRB genes has been scrutinized to allow comparison of the extent of exon-encoded (protein-) polymorphisms versus intronic hypervariability of simple repeats: adjacent to a single gene sequence (e.g. HLA-DRB1*0401) many different length alleles were found. Group-specific structures of basic repeats were identified within the evolutionarily related DRB alleles. As a further application it is suggested here that due to the ubiquitous interspersion of their targets, short probes for simple repeat sequences are especially useful tools for ordering genomic cosmid, yeast artificial chromosome and phage banks.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, W-8033, Martinsried, Germany

    J. T. Epplen, H. Ammer, C. Epplen, C. Kammerbauer, R. Mitreiter, L. Roewer, W. Schwaiger, V. Steimle & H. Zischler

  2. Kinderpoliklinik University, W-8000, München, Germany

    E. Albert & A. Andreas

  3. Biology Section, Humboldt University, O-1040, Berlin, Germany

    B. Beyermann & W. Meyer

  4. Institute for Animal Husbandry and Breeding, Hohenheim University, W-7000, Stuttgart, Germany

    J. Buitkamp

  5. Human Genetics Institute University, W-8700, Würzburg, Germany

    I. Nanda & M. Schmid

  6. Medical Genetics Institute, Humboldt University (Charité), O-1040, Berlin, Germany

    P. Nürnberg

  7. Biochemistry Department, Federal University Minas Gerais, 30161, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    S. D. J. Pena

  8. Institute for Legal Medicine, Free University, W-1000, Berlin, Germany

    H. Pöche

  9. Institute for Legal Medicine University, W-3400, Göttingen, Germany

    W. Sprecher

  10. Gene Center, W-8033, Martinsried, Germany

    M. Schartl

  11. Plant Molecular Biology Group, Institute for Botany University, W-6000, Frankfurt, Germany

    K. Weising

  12. Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, W-8000, Munich, Germany

    A. Yassouridis

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  1. J. T. Epplen
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  2. H. Ammer
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Zoology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicester, England

    Terry Burke

  2. Institut für Tierzucht, Universität Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland

    Gaudenz Dolf

  3. Dept. Genetics, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicester, England

    Alec J. Jeffreys

  4. UCSF-HSE 1556, Box # 0554, 94143-0554, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Roger Wolff

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Epplen, J.T. et al. (1991). Oligonucleotide Fingerprinting Using Simple Repeat Motifs: A Convenient, Ubiquitously Applicable Method to Detect Hypervariability for Multiple Purposes. In: Burke, T., Dolf, G., Jeffreys, A.J., Wolff, R. (eds) DNA Fingerprinting: Approaches and Applications. Experientia Supplementum, vol 58. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7312-3_4

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