Skip to main content
  • 82 Accesses

Abstract

Past efforts to develop the Philippine uplands failed because they neglected human development, both as a goal and as a means for ecosystem development. A three-level hierarchical model is presented as the basis of a more holistic approach to ecosystem development and examples of ecological strategies are presented to illustrate how such an approach might be implemented.

Résumé

Les efforts destinés à développer les régions montagneuses des Philippines ont échoué pour avoir négligé le développement humain, que ce soit en tant que finalité ou en tant que rôle de l’homme dans le développement de l’écosystème. Un modèle hiérarchique à trois niveaux est présenté comme base d’une approche globale du développement de l’écosystème, et des exemples de stratégies écologiques sont discutés de manière à démontrer la possibilité de réaliser une telle approche.

Zusammenfassung

Frühere Anstrengungen zur Entwicklung der Bergregionen in den Philippinen mißlangen, weil die menschliche Entwicklung vernachlässigt wurde, in zweierlei Hinsicht, einerseits bezüglich des Ziels und anderseits, hinsichtlich der ökologischen Entwicklung. Ein drei-stufiger hierarchischer Modell wird vorgestellt als Grundlage für eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung zur Oekologischen Entwicklung und Beispiele für die Strategie einer solchen Entwicklung werden erläutert, um darzulegen wie eine solche Auffassung verwircklicht werden könnte.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References Cited

  • Bateson, G. 1972. Steps to an Ecology of Mind. 545 pp. Intertext, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berne, E. 1961. Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy. 270 pp. Grove, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G.S. 1972. Laws of Form. 176 pp. Crown, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Capra, F. 1975. The Tao of Physics. 330 pp. Shambhala, Boulder, CO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castaneda, C. 1971. A Separate Reality. 263 pp. Pocket Books, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easton, S.C. 1975. Man and World in the Light of Anthroposophy. 536 pp. Anthroposophic Pr., Spring Valley, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrlich, P., A. Ehrlich and J. Holdren. 1977. Ecoscience: population, resources, environment. 1053 pp. Freeman, San Francisco, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukuoka, M. 1978. The One Straw Revolution. 182 pp. Rodale, Emmaus, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goethe, J.W. 1863(1978). The Metamorphosis of Plants. 56 pp. Bio-Dynamic Literature, Wyoming, RI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberger, Brother. 1978. Pers. Comm. Abra Province, Philippines.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaynes, J. 1977. Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. 467 pp. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kant, I. 1781 (1958). Critique of Pure Reason. xviii, 335 pp. Modern Libr., NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T.S. 1970. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd edn. 210 pp. Univ. Chicago, IL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lievgoed, B.C.J. 1973. The Developing Organization. 271 pp. Tavistock, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, A. 1976. Zen and Creative Management. 255 pp. Anchor, Garden City, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odum, E.P. 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. 3rd edn. 574 pp. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ornstein, R.E. 1975. The Psychology of Consciousness. 247 pp. Penguin, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouspensky, P.D. 1957. The Fourth Way. 448 pp. Vintage, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Packard, V.O. 1957. The Hidden Persuaders. 275 pp. D. McKay, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, J.C. 1971. The Crack in the Cosmic Egg. 207 pp. Julian, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozak, T. 1972. Where the Wasteland Ends: politics and transcendence in postindustrial society, xxxiv, 492 pp. Anchor, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, R. 1886(1978). The Theory of Knowledge Implicit in Goethe’s World Conception. 2nd edn. 133 pp. Anthroposophic Pr., Spring Valley, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, R. 1894(1973). Philosophy of Freedom. 226 pp. Anthroposophic Pr., Spring Valley, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiner, R. 1920(1978). The Threefold Social Order. Anthroposophie Pr., Spring Valley, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tart, C. (Ed.). 1975. Transpersonal Psychologies. 502 pp. Harper & Row, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valera, R. 1976. On observing natural systems. Coevolution Quarterly 10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilbur, K. 1977. The Spectrum of Consciousness. 374 pp. Theosophical, Wheaton, IL.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1982 Springer Basel AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Perlas, J.N. (1982). Holistic Approaches to Upland Development in the Philippines. In: Hill, S., Ott, P. (eds) Basic Technics in Ecological Farming / Techniques de Base en Agriculture Biologique / Grundsätzliche Verfahren der ökologischen Landwirtschaft / Le Maintien de la Fertilité des Sols / The Maintenance of Soil Fertility / Die Erhaltung der Bodenfruchtbarkeit. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6310-0_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6310-0_10

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7643-1374-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-6310-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics