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Total Syntheses

  • Chapter
Carotenoids

Part of the book series: Chemische Reihe ((LMW/C,volume 23))

Abstract

Ever since the elucidation of the structure of β-carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthin and vitamin A by the school of Karrer in 1930–1932 much effort has been devoted to the total synthesis of carotenoids and related polyenes. In 1947 the first total synthesis of crystalline vitamin A was announced by Isler et al. [1], and soon afterwards an industrial manufacturing procedure was developed. The first total syntheses of β-carotene were reported by Karrer and Eugster [2], Inhoffen et al. [3–5] and Milas et al. [6] in 1950. In the succeeding decades the range of synthetic methods in the carotenoid field has been greatly extended by teams led by Karrer, Inhoffen, Weedon, Isler, Pommer, Surmatis and others, and large numbers of natural and unnatural carotenoids as well as related and labelled compounds have been totally synthesized. Based on these scientific achievements numerous syntheses have been adapted to technical requirements so that today vitamin A, β-carotene, canthaxanthin, β-apo-8′-carotenal and ethyl β-apo-8′-carotenoate are commercially produced by total synthesis on a large scale [7–9].

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Mayer, H., Isler, O. (1971). Total Syntheses. In: Isler, O., Gutmann, H., Solms, U. (eds) Carotenoids. Chemische Reihe, vol 23. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5831-1_6

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