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The Political Carnival

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Carnival Caricatures

Part of the book series: The Latin American Studies Book Series ((LASBS))

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Abstract

The aim of chapter is to show how politics was treated in a humorous and critical way and associated with carnival revelry. Here you can learn about the main events and political figures of the historical period. Some facts will be highlighted such as the elections, the diplomacy of the Rio Branco, the Revolta da Chibata and First World War.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 17 February 1912, no. 0007, p. 53. Available at: fonfon_1912_007.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 11 May 2023.

  2. 2.

    Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 29 February 1908, No. 0047, p. 13. Available at: fonfon_1908_047.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  3. 3.

    Eduardo das Neves. Pega na Chaleira(1906).IN: DOCUMENTOS SONOROS - NOSSO SÉCULO.Diversos Intérpretes (see Special Appearances). Abril Cultural.Producer: Elizabeth di Cropani/Maurício Quadrio/Vladimir Sacchetta. 1980.

  4. 4.

    João José da Costa Júnior (Juca Storoni). No Bico da Chaleira, polka, 1909. IN: ALMIRANTE - THE RADIO IDOLS - vol. XX. Recording company: Collector's Editora.1989. Storoni's song was re-recorded by Banda da Casa Faulhaber e Cia (no date), Banda Pryor (no date), Banda do 52o de Caçadores (no date), Almirante (on the radio in 1946), Monsueto e as Gatas (1972) and Banda do Canecão (1973).

  5. 5.

    Eustórgio Wander.ey. In the kettle, 1909. IN: CARNAVAL - SUA HISTÓRIA, SUA GLÓRIA - Vol. 31.Record company: Revivendo Discos. 2003. Performer: Os Geraldos.

  6. 6.

    “Préstito Carnavalesco Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 04 February 1910, no. 0006p. 18. Available at: Fon Fon: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Espusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  7. 7.

    Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 18 February 1909, no. 0008, p. 21. Available at: Fon Fon: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Espusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  8. 8.

    “O Préstito Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 24 February 1911, no. 0008, p. 24. Available at: Fon Fon: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Espusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  9. 9.

    “O Préstito Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 17 February 1912, no. 0007, p. 33. Available at: fonfon_1912_007.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  10. 10.

    The Piancó Elections. Gargalhada composed and performed by Eduardo das Neves. Odeon, album 108,760, 1907–1912.

  11. 11.

    Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 18 February 1909, no. 0008, p. 22. Available at: Fon Fon: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Espusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed 12 May 2023.

  12. 12.

    Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 21 February 1914, No. 0299, p. 1. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  13. 13.

    Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 21 February 1914, no. 0008, p. 16. Available at: Fon Fon: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Espusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  14. 14.

    Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 17 February 1912, no.0007, p. 24. Available at: fonfon_1912_007.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  15. 15.

    Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 21 February 1914, No. 0008, p. 44. Available at: Fon Fon: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Espusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  16. 16.

    Fon-Fon! Rio de Janeiro, 17 February 1912, No. 0007, p. 34. Available at: fonfon_1912_007.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  17. 17.

    “O Préstito Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 01 February 1913, No. 0005, p. 38. Available at: Fon Fon: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Espusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  18. 18.

    “O Préstito Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 25 February 1911, No. 0008, p. 24. Available at: Fon Fon: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Espusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  19. 19.

    “O Préstito Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 17 February 1912, no. 0007, p. 33. Available at: fonfon_1912_007.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  20. 20.

    Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 08 March 1919, No. 0559, p. 1. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  21. 21.

    “O Préstito de Fon- Fon!” (detail), Fon-Fon!, 18 February 1909, No. 0008, p. 18. Available at: Fon Fon: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Espusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  22. 22.

    “Carros de Estado” (detail), Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 29 February 1908, No. 0047, p. 30. Available at: fonfon_1908_047.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  23. 23.

    The bibliography on the subject always gives the date 1910 for the composition, claiming that this was the year the battleship Minas Gerais was launched. However, through the Brazilian film library we accessed a documentary entitled Launch of the Battleship Minas Gerais, produced by J. R. Staffa in 1908 and shown in several Brazilian capitals. We therefore believe that Dudu das Neves’ composition was produced in the same year, 1908.

  24. 24.

    “O Préstito Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 04 February 1910, no. 0006, p. 18. Available at: Fon Fon: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Espusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  25. 25.

    “Carros de Estado” (detail), Fon Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 29 February 1908, No. 0047, p. 30. Available at: fonfon_1908_047.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  26. 26.

    Relatório do Ministério da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio, Imprensa Nacional, R.J., 1911, Vol.n, p.274. See also the work by Sônia Regina de Mendonça. State and Agricultural Policy in Brazil (1909–1930). IN: América Latina En La Historia Econômica, n. 10, July-December 1998.

  27. 27.

    “O Préstito Fon- Fon!”, Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 18 February 1909, no. 0008, p. 18. Available at: Fon- Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  28. 28.

    “Carros de Estado” (detail), Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 29 February 1908, No. 0047, p. 30. Available at: fonfon_1908_047.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  29. 29.

    Translator's note: Tiros de Guerra are Brazilian military service bodies responsible for training second-class reservists, known as snipers [1]. The organisation of a Tiro de Guerra is the result of an agreement between the municipalities and the Military Region Command. The army provides the instructors (usually sergeants or warrant officers), uniforms and equipment, while the municipal administration provides the facilities. For this reason, the mayor usually becomes the director of the rifle range.

    Available at: https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiro_de_Guerra. Accessed on 08 February 2024.

  30. 30.

    “Carros de Estado” (detail), Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 29 February 1908, No. 0047, p. 30. Available at: fonfon_1908_047.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  31. 31.

    “O Préstito Fon- Fon!”, Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 18 February 1909, no. 0008, p. 18. Available at: Fon-Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  32. 32.

    Translator's note: Traditional Brazilian sweet made from sugar cane.

  33. 33.

    “O Préstito Fon- Fon!”, Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 18 February 1909, no. 0008, p. 18. Available at: Fon-Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  34. 34.

    Translator's note: empada is a popular savoury snack in Brazil, a type of small pie with different types of filling.

  35. 35.

    Kalixto. “Presidentes de Clubes Carnavalescos” (detail), Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 29 February 1908, No. 0047, p. 15. Available at: fonfon_1908_047.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  36. 36.

    Translator's note - this expression(no frigir dos ovos-in the frying eggs- means that it always happens in the end.

  37. 37.

    “Carros de Estado” (detail), Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 29 February 1908, No. 0047, p. 30. Available at: fonfon_1908_047.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  38. 38.

    Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 04 February 1910, no. 0006, p. 10. Available at: Fon-Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  39. 39.

    “O Préstito Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 04 February 1910, No. 0006, p. 18. Available at: Fon-Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  40. 40.

    Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 29 February 1908, No. 0047, p. 24. Available at: fonfon_1908_047.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  41. 41.

    To find out more about Miguel Calmon read the text available at https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/CALMON,%20Miguel.pdf. Accessed on 08 February 2024.

  42. 42.

    Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 29 February 1908, No. 0047, p. 15. Available at: fonfon_1908_047.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  43. 43.

    “O préstito de Fon-Fon!,” (detail), Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 18 February 1909, no. 0008, p. 18. Available at: Fon-Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  44. 44.

    “Préstito da Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 4 February 1910, no. 0006, p. 18. Available at: Fon-Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  45. 45.

    “O Préstito Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 17 February 1912, no. 0007, p. 33. Available at: fonfon_1912_007.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  46. 46.

    “O Préstito de Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 04 February 1910, no. 0006, p. 18. Available at: Fon-Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  47. 47.

    Vasconcellos 2001. Available at: https://ihp.org.br/?p=2116. Accessed on 15 May 2023.

  48. 48.

    Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 04 February 1910, No. 0006, p. 19. Available at: Fon-Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  49. 49.

    Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 04 February 1910, No. 0006, p. 20. Available at: Fon-Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  50. 50.

    Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 21 February 1914, No. 0299, p. 15. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  51. 51.

    Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 25 February 1911, No. 0143, p. 19. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  52. 52.

    “O Préstito de Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 25 February 1911, No. 0008, p. 24. Available at: Fon-Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed 16 May 2023.

  53. 53.

    “O Préstito de Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 25 February 1911, No. 0008, p. 24. Available at: Fon-Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed 16 May 2023.

  54. 54.

    Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 25 February 1911, No. 0143, p. 11. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  55. 55.

    Os reclamantes, lundu by Eduardo das Neves. Odeon label, album no. 120037, recorded between 1912 and 1915. Humberto Franceschi Collection, IMS.

  56. 56.

    “Carnaval Político” (detail), Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 06 April 1912, No. 0201, p. 17. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  57. 57.

    “O Préstito Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 17 February 1912, no. 0007, p. 33. Available at: fonfon_1912_007.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  58. 58.

    “Carnaval Político” (detail), Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 06 April 1912, No. 0201, p. 17. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  59. 59.

    “Carnaval Político” (detail), Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 06 April 1912, No. 0201, p. 17. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  60. 60.

    “Carnaval Político” (detail), Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 06 April 1912, No. 0201, p. 16. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  61. 61.

    “Carnaval Político” (detail), Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 06 April 1912, No. 0201, p. 16. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  62. 62.

    Everybody's father. Cateretê by Eduardo das Neves, performed by him and recorded by Odeon, album no. 108761, 1912.

  63. 63.

    “Carnaval Político” (detail), Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 06 April 1912, No. 0201, p. 16. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  64. 64.

    “Carnaval Político” (detalhe), Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 06 April 1912, No. 0201, p. 16. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  65. 65.

    “O Préstito Fon-Fon!” (detail), Fon- Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 17 February 1912, no. 0007, p. 33. Available at: fonfon_1912_007.pdf (bn.br). Accessed on 12 May 2023.

  66. 66.

    Ai, Filomena, polka by J. Carvalho Bulhões, performed by Bahiano. Recording company: Odeon, album no.:120988, 1915.

  67. 67.

    Fon-Fon!, Rio de Janeiro, 13 February 1915, No. 0007, p. 25. Available at: Fon-Fon!: Semanario Alegre, Politico, Critico e Esfusiante (RJ) - 1907 to 1958 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed 16 May 2023.

  68. 68.

    Careta, 17 February 1917, No. 0452, p. 1. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  69. 69.

    Cunha 2004. The book From Marginality to Stardom: O Samba na Construção da Nacionalidade (1917–1945) by the author, deals with the analysis of this samba and its importance as the beginning of the construction of nationality through samba and Carnival.

  70. 70.

    Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 09 February 1918, No. 0503, p. 19. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 16 May 2023.

  71. 71.

    Careta, Rio de Janeiro, 09 February 1918, No. 0503, p. 25. Available at: Careta (RJ) - 1909 to 1964 - DocReader Web (bn.br). Accessed on 17 January 2024.

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  1. UNESP—Sao Paulo State University, Ourinhos, São Paulo, Brazil

    Fabiana Lopes da Cunha

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  1. Fabiana Lopes da Cunha
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Correspondence to Fabiana Lopes da Cunha .

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Lopes da Cunha, F. (2024). The Political Carnival. In: Carnival Caricatures. The Latin American Studies Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61495-8_6

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