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Peer-to-Peer Data Networks and the InterPlanetary File System

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Abstract

Distributing data has always been a fundamental Internet use case. Today, the Internet is the primary channel for distributing media content, and many other types of data are increasingly managed online. This tendency has led to growing requirements regarding the quantity and quality of Internet technologies with which to manage distributed data. In addition, certain fundamental characteristics of Internet computing, such as location-based communication and centralized service provisioning, are being challenged. This chapter focuses on next-generation peer-to-peer (P2P) data networks that seek to solve some of these challenges and integrate well with other modern Internet technologies, including cloud computing, blockchains, and the Internet of Things. Beyond introducing the family of modern P2P data networks, this chapter presents a prime example of such networks—the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)—in detail. It illustrates the technical realization of main IPFS characteristics like content addressing and decentralization. It also explains the Filecoin system, which extends the IPFS by means of a storage and retrieval market. The chapter covers a broad view of P2P data networks by outlining and comparing alternative approaches, listing open challenges, and explaining current research areas.

Chapter co-author: Christian Zirpins, Hochschule Karlsruhe, Institut für Datenzentrierte Software-Systeme (DSS), Karlsruhe, Germany

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Notes

  1. 1.

    https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/

  2. 2.

    The regulations of BitTorrent foster Pareto efficiency, a state where no peer might increase its download rate without decreasing the download rate of another peer (Cohen 2003).

  3. 3.

    Off-chaining is a DLT strategy, which includes storing parts of transaction data outside the resource-constrained ledger. The latter contains a secure reference to the externally stored data.

  4. 4.

    https://protocol.ai

  5. 5.

    https://blog.ipfs.tech/

  6. 6.

    https://proto.school/

  7. 7.

    https://github.com/ipfs

  8. 8.

    https://multiformats.io/

  9. 9.

    https://libp2p.io

  10. 10.

    Information can be found in the Filecoin online documentation (https://docs.filecoin.io/).

  11. 11.

    https://fleek.co/

  12. 12.

    https://textile.io/

  13. 13.

    https://pinata.cloud/

  14. 14.

    https://qri.io/

  15. 15.

    https://orbitdb.org/

  16. 16.

    https://www.starlinglab.org/

  17. 17.

    https://nft.storage/

  18. 18.

    Filecoin requires storage miners to dedicate (storage) resources and to provide upfront token collaterals proportional to the storage hardware committed (Protocol-Labs 2017).

  19. 19.

    https://www.ethswarm.org/

  20. 20.

    https://github.com/holepunchto/hypercore/

  21. 21.

    https://safenetwork.org/

  22. 22.

    https://www.storj.io/

  23. 23.

    https://www.arweave.org/

  24. 24.

    https://github.com/testground/

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Further Reading

  • Benet J (2014) IPFS - content addressed, versioned, P2P file system

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel E, Tschorsch F (2022) IPFS and friends: a qualitative comparison of next generation peer-to-peer data networks. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 24:31–52

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  • Maymounkov P, Mazières D (2002) Kademlia: a peer-to-peer information system based on the XOR metric. In: Druschel P, Kaashoek F, Rowstron A (eds) Peer-to-peer systems. Springer, Berlin, pp 53–65

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  • Psaras Y, Soares JM, Dias D (2022) To the InterPlanetary file system–and beyond!: peer-to-peer file sharing would make the Internet far more efficient. IEEE Spectr 59:34–39

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Ali Sunyaev

  2. Hochschule Karlsruhe, Institut für Datenzentrierte Software-Systeme (DSS), Karlsruhe, Germany

    Christian Zirpins

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Sunyaev, A., Zirpins, C. (2024). Peer-to-Peer Data Networks and the InterPlanetary File System. In: Internet Computing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61014-1_9

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