Abstract
Opportunistic networks are developed by connecting interfaces for short-range communication. Routing is difficult in this type of Network. The existing routing algorithms are discussed in this paper and comparison is shown for the five algorithms which are used wisely in this Network. The comparison is made in Epidemic routing, Spray and Wait, First Contact routing, Prophet routing and Maxprop routing. In the comparison, we can see that in all routing algorithms overhead ratio is decreasing when buffer size is increased. And due to increase in buffer size, the delivery probability is also increased. Each algorithm has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Amazon. What is Computer Networking? - Beginner’s Guide to IT Networking - AWS. Amazon Web Services, Inc. https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/computer-networking/
How are infrastructure and ad hoc networks different? https://manuals.konicaminolta.eu/ineo-4020/EN/ntwk_guide/types-wireless-networks-topic.html#:~:text=Wireless%20networks%20can%20operate%20in. Accessed 09 Oct 2023
Wireless ad hoc network. Wikipedia (2023). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_ad_hoc_network#:~:text=A%20wireless%20ad%20hoc%20network. Accessed 09 Oct 2023
M. P. W. F. L. writer M. P. has 5+ years’ experience writing about consumer-oriented technology and is an expert telecommuter our editorial process M. Pinola. Features and Uses of an Ad Hoc Wireless Network. Lifewire. https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-an-ad-hoc-wireless-network-2377409
Social network. Wikipedia (2021). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_network#:~:text=A%20social%20network%20is%20a
Wikipedia Contributors. Mobile social network. Wikipedia (2019). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_social_network
Vidhya Lakshmi, V.R., Gireesh, K.T.: Opportunistic mobile social networks: architecture, privacy, security issues and future directions. Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. (IJECE) 9(2), 1145 (2019). https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp1145-1152
Opportunistic mobile social network. Wikipedia (2022). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunistic_mobile_social_network#:~:text=Opportunistic%20mobile%20social%20networks%20are. Accessed 09 Oct 2023
Gumaste, S., Kharat, M., Thakare, V.M., Kharat, V.: Routing algorithm: an overview. Int. J. Innov. Eng. Manag. 2(1), 61–73 (2013). ISSN 2319-3344
Cai, Y., Zhang, H., Fan, Y., Xia, H.: A survey on routing algorithms for opportunistic mobile social networks. China Commun. 18(2), 86–109 (2021). https://doi.org/10.23919/jcc.2021.02.007
Wang, R., Wang, Z., Ma, W., Deng, S., Huang, H.: Epidemic routing performance in DTN with selfish nodes. IEEE Access 7, 65560–65568 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2916685
Darmani, Y., Karimi, S.: Message overhead control using P-epidemic routing method in resource-constrained heterogeneous DTN (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/icee52715.2021.9544149
Hu, Y., Tian, T., Zhang, F., Chen, Q., Yu, G., Ma, D.: Restricted epidemic routing method in large-scale delay tolerant networks. In: 2021 IEEE 21st International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT) (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/icct52962.2021.9657947
Rashidi, L., Dalili-Yazdi, A., Entezari-Maleki, R., Sousa, L., Movaghar, A.: Modeling epidemic routing: capturing frequently visited locations while preserving scalability. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 1 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3057541
Datta, S., Roy, M., Kar, P.: Application of IoT in smart epidemic management in context of Covid-19 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/hpsr52026.2021.9481844
Singha, S., Jana, B., Jana, S.H., Mandal, N.K.: A survey to analyse routing algorithms for opportunistic network. Procedia Comput. Sci. 171, 2501–2511 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.04.271
Spyropoulos, T., Psounis, K., Raghavendra, C.S.: Spray and wait. In: Proceeding of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Delay-Tolerant Networking, WDTN 2005 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1145/1080139.1080143
Cui, J., Chen, H., Chang, Y., Chen, Z., Gong, S., Yang, Y.: An improved spray-and-wait routing algorithm based on social relationship between nodes in DTN. In: 2022 IEEE 19th International Conference on Mobile Ad Hoc and Smart Systems (MASS) (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/mass56207.2022.00017
Cui, J., Gong, S., Chang, Y., Chen, Z., Chen, H., Yang, Y.: An improved spray and wait algorithm based on the node social tree (2023). https://doi.org/10.1109/icpads56603.2022.00017
Cui, J., Cao, S., Chang, Y., Wu, L., Liu, D., Yang, Y.: An adaptive spray and wait routing algorithm based on quality of node in delay tolerant network. IEEE Access 7, 35274–35286 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2904750
Misra, S., Pal, S., Saha, B.K.: Distributed information-based cooperative strategy adaptation in opportunistic mobile networks. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 26(3), 724–737 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2014.2314687
Sok, P., Kim, K.: PRoPHET routing based on distance mechanism in disruption-tolerant network (2014). https://doi.org/10.1145/2557977.2558024
Xue, J., Li, J., Cao, Y., Fang, J.: Advanced PROPHET routing in delay tolerant network. IEEE Xplore (2009). https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5076883?casa_token=-HqdrhHLDRAAAAAA:HIrxTHPoJIHFo3u95HpjBMo85Y7EPc1xtGq5PQJg-DM0FMefW_Syh0xevOtlE3OcSJYFGPb6wy-3. Accessed 15 Apr 2022
Venkat Das, M., Sarkar, S., Shahid: TTL based MaxProp routing protocol (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/iccitechn.2016.7860159
Abbas, S., Ahmad, K.: Opportunistic routing protocols based on fuzzy logic: present and future directions (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/icais50930.2021.9395955
Chen, J., Xu, G., Wu, X., Feng-qi, W., He, L.: Energy balance and cache optimization routing algorithm based on communication willingness (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc49053.2021.9417387
Zhao, Y., Srivastava, G.: A wireless mesh opportunistic network routing algorithm based on trust relationships. IEEE Access 10, 4786–4793 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3138370
Li, N., Yan, J., Zhang, Z., MartÃnez-Ortega, J.-F., Yuan, X.: Geographical and topology control-based opportunistic routing for ad hoc networks. IEEE Sens. J. 21(6), 8691–8704 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2021.3049519
Hui, P., Crowcroft, J., Yoneki, E.: BUBBLE rap: social-based forwarding in delay-tolerant networks. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 10(11), 1576–1589 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2010.246
Nelson, S., Bakht, M., Kravets, R.: Encounter-based routing DTNs. In: Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 846–854 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.2009.5061994
Aneja, M., Garg, V.: Simulation of epidemic, spray and wait and first contact routing protocols in delay tolerant network. IOSR J. Electron. Commun. Eng. (IOSR-JECE). https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jece/papers/AETM'15_ECE/06-ECE-173.pdf
Poonguzharselvi, B., Vetriselvi, V.: Survey on routing algorithms in opportunistic networks. In: International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/iccci.2013.6466129
Popat, K.A., Sharma, P.: Opportunistic location update—a novel cost efficient reactive approach to remove pauses in cellular networks. In: Modi, N., Verma, P., Trivedi, B. (eds.) ComNet 2016. AISC, vol. 508, pp. 459–467. Springer, Singapore (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2750-5_48
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Joshi, R.A., Popat, K.A. (2024). Comparative Analysis of Routing Algorithms in Opportunistic Network. In: Rajagopal, S., Popat, K., Meva, D., Bajeja, S. (eds) Advancements in Smart Computing and Information Security. ASCIS 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 2039. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59100-6_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59100-6_32
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-59099-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-59100-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)