Abstract
This chapter develops the skill of performing correct sheet-metal bending operations for manufacturing good-quality components for applications in automobile body panels, aircraft structures, storage tanks, pressure vessels, race car bumpers, steel furniture, fridges, electronic casings, brackets, and the like. The principal types of bending methods (V-bending, air bending, bottoming, edge bending, roll bending, etc.) have been discussed and analyzed, including the recent advances in bending technology. Important terminologies in bending (e.g., neutral axis, bend radius, bend angle, bending angle, bent angle, springback, and bend allowance) have been defined with the aid of sketches. An in-depth explanation and analysis of the springback effect has been presented. This chapter contains 19 diagrams/photos, 15 worked numerical examples, 9 formulae/equations, 7 problems, and 7 MCQs with their answers given at the end of the book.
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Abbreviations
- α′:
-
included angle
- α:
-
bend angle
- R:
-
bend radius
- F:
-
bending force
- Fh:
-
holding force
- Kbf:
-
bending factor
- w:
-
width of the sheet metal in the direction of bend axis
- t:
-
sheet thickness
- D:
-
die-opening dimension
- Ab:
-
bend allowance
- Kba:
-
stretching factor
- Ab(neutral):
-
bend allowance for neutral axis
- S:
-
degree of springback
- \( {\alpha}_p^{\prime } \):
-
included angle of the punch
- E:
-
modulus of elasticity
- σys:
-
yield strength
- k:
-
material factor
- Sf:
-
springback factor
- CR:
-
cold rolled
- MEMS:
-
micro-electromechanical systems
- MS:
-
mild steel
- SS:
-
stainless steel
References
Benson, S. D. (1997). Press brake technology: A guide to precision sheet metal bending. Society of Manufacturing Engineers.
Benson, S. (2014). Bending basics: The hows and whys of springback and springforward. The FABRICATOR. https://www.thefabricator.com/thefabricator/article/bending/bending-basics-the-hows-and-whys-of-springback-and-springforward
Corrieri, E. (2018). Sheet metal bending: Basics and operational techniques. Tecniche Nuove.
Groover, M. P. (2014). Fundamentals of modern manufacturing. Wiley.
Huda, Z. (2018). Manufacturing: Mathematical models, problems, and solutions. CRC Press.
Kalpakjian, S., & Schmid, S.R. (2008). Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials (5th Edition), Pearson Education/Prentice Hall.
Kuboki, T., Hadano, T., Oba, W., Kajikawa, S., & Jin, Y. (2021). Asymmetric sheet-metal V-bending applying separate dies with different velocities for diversified bending shapes and operability. CIRP Annals, 70(1), 219–222.
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Huda, Z. (2024). Bending of Sheet Metal. In: Metal Forming Processes. Mechanical Engineering Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56760-5_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56760-5_11
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