Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Determination of the Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of the Groundwater of Angads (Oujda, Morocco) by Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Technical and Technological Solutions Towards a Sustainable Society and Circular Economy

Part of the book series: World Sustainability Series ((WSUSE))

  • 35 Accesses

Abstract

The development and management of vital resources such as groundwater are crucial for ensuring sustainable access to clean water. This study analyzed the mineralogy and hydrogeochemistry of the Angads aquifer, located in northeastern Morocco, in order to understand the processes responsible for its mineralization. Thus, a multivariate statistical analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on all groundwater samples collected from this aquifer. The results of the study showed that the mineralization of the water is influenced by the geological formations it passes through and the time spent in the aquifer. This is evidenced by the presence of ions such as HCO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42−, and Cond. To ensure the sustainable management of groundwater in the region, measures need to be taken to control the use of fertilizers, reduce the use of pesticides, and implement purification methods. This is important to protect the quality of groundwater and to ensure that it remains a reliable source of clean water for the local population.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Conflicts of Interest

There is no conflict of interest between the authors.

References

  1. Nouayti, N., Khattach, D., Hilali, M.: Assessment of physico-chemical quality of groundwater of the Jurassic aquifers in high basin of Ziz (Central High Atlas, Morocco). J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 6(4), 1068–1081 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Azrour, M., Mabrouki, J., Fattah, G., Guezzaz, A., Aziz, F.: Machine learning algorithms for efficient water quality prediction. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 8(2), 2793–2801 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Mabrouki, J., Azrour, M., Hajjaji, S.E.: Use of internet of things for monitoring and evaluating water’s quality: a comparative study. Int. J. Cloud Comp. 10(5–6), 633–644 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Agoumi, A, Naji, A.: Climate change and water resources in the Maghreb countries. Report prepared within the framework of the PNuD-FEM project RAB/94/g31 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ouadia, T., Fahde, A., El Younoussi, S.: Impact of pollution on the unique hydrographic network of Casablanca, Morocco. Sci. Glob. Change/Drought. 12(2), 129–134 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Asano, T., Cotruvo, J.A.: Groundwater recharge with reclaimed municipal wastewater: health and regulatory considerations. Water Res. 38(8), 1941–1951 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Quiers, M., Batiot-Guilhe, C., Bicalho, C., Perrette, Y., Seidel, J., Van-Exter, S.: Characterisation of rapid infiltration flows and vulnerability in a karst aquifer using a decomposed fluorescence signal of dissolved organic matter. Environ. Earth Sci. 71, 553–561 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. El-Mouhdi, K., Fekhaoui, M., Rzeq, M., Ennassih, Y., Chahlaoui, A.: Knowledge and behaviour of individuals towards sandflies’ vectors of leishmaniasis in Morocco. East. Mediterr. Health J. 27(9), 911–917 (2021). https://doi.org/10.26719/2021.27.9.911

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. El-Mouhdi, K., Chahlaoui, A., Boussaa, S., Fekhaoui, M.: Sand flies control: a review of the knowledge of health professionals and the local community, Province of El Hajeb, Morocco. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17(22), 8448 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Mabrouki, J., Azrour, M., Farhaoui, Y., El Hajjaji, S.: Intelligent system for monitoring and detecting water quality. In: Big Data and Networks Technologies 3, pp. 172–182. Springer International Publishing (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Souley Moussa, R., Malam Alma, M.M., Laouli, M.S., Natatou, I., Habou, I.: Physico-chemical characterization of the waters of the Intercalary Continental/Hamadian and terminal continental aquifers of the zinder region (Niger). Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci. 12(5), 2395 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Mabrouki, J., Benbouzid, M., Dhiba, D., El Hajjaji, S.: Internet of things for monitoring and detection of agricultural production. In: Intelligent Systems in Big Data, Semantic Web and Machine Learning, pp. 271–282. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2021)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Lahrach, A., Zarhloule, Y., Azhimi, M., EL boumashouli, S.M., Jabrane, R., Dsouli, K., et al. : The Angads aquifer (Eastern Morocco): Flow modeling and management perspectives. Geomaghreb 2005(3), 23–34 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Moulouya Water Basin Agency.: Inventory Study of Water Withdrawals From the Angads Aquifer. Royaume du Maroc Agence du Bassin Hydraulique de la Moulouya, Oujda, Maroc (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Es-sousy, M., Gharibi, E., Ghalit, M., Taupin, J.D., Ben Alaya, M.: Hydrochemical quality of the Angads plain groundwater (Eastern Morocco). In: Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences. Springer; pp. 99‑102 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lahrach, A.: Characterization of the deep liasic reservoir of Eastern Morocco and hydrogeological study, modeling, and pollution of the Angads aquifer. PhD Thesis, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah. Morocco, Fez-Saiss (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Taoufiq, L., Kacimi, I., Saadi, M., Nouayti, N., Kassou, N., Bouramtane, T., et al.: Assessment of physicochemical and bacteriological parameters in the angads aquifer (Northeast Morocco): application of principal component analysis and piper and Schoeller-Berkaloff diagrams. Appl. Environ. Soil Sci. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2806854

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Duby, C., Robin, S.: Principal component analysis, vol. 80, p. 53. Institut National Agronomique, Paris-Grignon (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Moussa, R.S., Alma, M.M.M., Laouli, M.S., Natatou, I., Habou, I.: Physico-chemical characterization of the waters of the intercalary continental/Hamadian and terminal continental aquifers of the Zinder region (Niger). Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 12(5), 2395–2411 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Mabrouki, J., El Yadini, A., Bencheikh, I., Azoulay, K., Moufti, A., El Hajjaji, S.: Hydrogeological and hydrochemical study of underground waters of the tablecloth in the vicinity of the controlled city dump mohammedia (Morocco). In: Advanced Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Development (AI2SD’2018) vol. 3: Advanced Intelligent Systems Applied to Environment, pp. 22–33. Springer International Publishing (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Loukili, H., Anouzla, A., Jioui, I., Achiou, B., Alami Younssi, S., Azoulay, K., Riadi, Y.: Combining multiple regression and principal component analysis to evaluate the effects of ambient air pollution on children’s respiratory diseases. Int. J. Inf. Technol. 14(3), 1305–1310 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bouteraa, O., Mebarki, A., Bouaicha, F., Nouaceur, Z., Laignel, B.: Groundwater quality assessment using multivariate analysis, geostatistical modeling, and water quality index (WQI): a case of study in the Boumerzoug-El Khroub valley of Northeast Algeria. Acta Geochimica. 38(6), 796–814 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mabrouki, J., Azoulay, K., Elfanssi, S., Bouhachlaf, L., Mousli, F., Azrour, M., El Hajjaji, S.: Smart system for monitoring and controlling of agricultural production by the IoT. In: IoT and Smart Devices for Sustainable Environment, pp. 103–115. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2022)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Fattah, G., Ghrissi, F., Mabrouki, J., Kabriti, M.: Control of physicochemical parameters of spring waters near quarries exploiting limestone rock. In: E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 234, p. 00018). EDP Sciences (2021)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to all the people who provided important support for the realization of this study and for achieving the objectives of this project.

Funding

This study was not funded by any organization.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geoscience, Water and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

    Latifa Taoufiq, Ilias Kacimi, Mohamed Saadi, Nadia Kassou & Tarik Bouramtane

  2. Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco

    Jamal Mabrouki

  3. Research Team Water and Environment Management, National School of Applied Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Al-Hoceima, Morocco

    Nordine Nouayti

  4. Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Meknes, Morocco

    Karima El-Mouhdi

Authors
  1. Latifa Taoufiq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ilias Kacimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohamed Saadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jamal Mabrouki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Nordine Nouayti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Nadia Kassou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Tarik Bouramtane
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Karima El-Mouhdi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karima El-Mouhdi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco

    Jamal Mabrouki

  2. Computer Sciences Department, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, Meknes, Morocco

    Azrour Mourade

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Taoufiq, L. et al. (2024). Determination of the Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of the Groundwater of Angads (Oujda, Morocco) by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In: Mabrouki, J., Mourade, A. (eds) Technical and Technological Solutions Towards a Sustainable Society and Circular Economy. World Sustainability Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56292-1_41

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation