Abstract
Hydrogeology and GIS integration mark a transformative era in managing Earth’s vital water resources. This chapter explores their synergy, emphasizing GIS tools for precision in groundwater exploration and monitoring. GIS, a bridge between spatial data and analysis, plays a crucial role in hydrogeological research, addressing challenges like contamination and sustainable water resource management. Its applications span spatial analysis, groundwater modeling, resource assessment, emergency response, and more. GIS's dynamic evolution offers hope for informed decisions and sustainable water resource utilization. Comprehensive data collection methods, including field surveys and satellite imagery, are explored, emphasizing structured databases and effective data management. GIS’s pivotal role in creating maps and visualizations for hydrogeological datas are highlighted, showcasing spatial analysis, buffer analysis, overlay analysis, and time-series analysis. Time-series analysis, exemplified by Vamanapuram dug wells, illustrates dynamic patterns, revealing seasonal influences and prompting further analysis for effective water management. Water quality zonation using GIS involves gathering spatially referenced data, thematic layer generation, overlay analysis, and creating zones. Challenges in overlay analysis are addressed, emphasizing data quality and normalization using AHP for complex decision-making. River basin studies and GIS integration highlight GIS's role in watershed delineation, flow pattern calculation, and environmental impact assessments. DEMs, crucial for hydrological modeling, floodplain mapping, and infrastructure planning, contribute to precise topographic information. The physiography map of South India, categorized by elevation ranges using DEM data, aids resource management, environmental planning, and disaster risk assessment.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Achu AL, Aju CD, Reghunath R (2020) Spatial modelling of shallow landslide susceptibility: a study from the southern Western Ghats region of Kerala, India. Ann GIS 26:113–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2020.1758207
Aju CD, Reghunath R, Prasannakumar V et al (2019) Terrain characteristics and their influence on the temporal behaviour of hydraulic heads in Kallada River Basin, Kerala. J Geol Soc India 93:61–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-019-1123-y
Aju CD, Achu AL, Raicy MC, Reghunath R (2021) Identification of suitable sites and structures for artificial groundwater recharge for sustainable water resources management in Vamanapuram River Basin, South India. HydroResearch 4:24–37. ISSN 2589-7578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydres.2021.04.001
Al Saud MM (2023) Multi-criteria analysis using satellite images and GIS for mapping groundwater recharge zones in Saudi Arabia: a case study of the Riyadh Region. Hydrol Res 54(9):1017–1035. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.028
Appukuttan A, Reghunath R (2022) Identification of groundwater potential zones in a tropical lateritic terrain by analytical hierarchy process-based multi-criteria analysis and geospatial technology. Arab J Geosci 15:1323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10587-4
Arefin R, Seker DZ, Hore R et al (2023) GIS and remotely sensed data-based morphometric elements analysis for determination of Bengal Basin evolution. Environ Dev Sustain. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02838-x
Central Groundwater Board (2000) Guide on artificial recharge. Government of India, Faridabad
Chakraborty B, Roy S, Bera A et al (2022) Groundwater vulnerability assessment using GIS-based DRASTIC model in the upper catchment of Dwarakeshwar river basin, West Bengal, India. Environ Earth Sci 81:2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-10002-3
Ebraheem AA et al (2023) Mapping groundwater potential zones in UAE using GIS-based hydrogeological modeling. In: Sherif M, Singh VP, Sefelnasr A, Abrar M (eds) Water resources management and sustainability. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 121. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24506-0_17
Etuk MN, Igwe O, Egbueri JC (2023) An integrated geoinformatics and hydrogeological approach to delineating groundwater potential zones in the complex geological terrain of Abuja, Nigeria. Model Earth Syst Environ 9:285–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-022-01502-7
Hoffmann J, Sander P (2007). Remote sensing and GIS in hydrogeology. Hydrogeol J 15:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0140-2
Hussain A, Madan R, Kamboj V (2022) Applications of remote sensing and GIS in hydrological and hydrogeological studies: integrated watershed management. In: Hussain A, Tiwari K, Gupta A (eds) Addressing environmental challenges through spatial planning. IGI Global, pp 237–251. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8331-9.ch012
Joy MAR, Upaul S, Fatema K, Rezvi Amin FM (2023) Application of GIS and remote sensing in morphometric analysis of river basin at the south-western part of great Ganges delta, Bangladesh. Hydrol Res 54(6):739–755. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.087
Khatami S, Khazaei B (2014) Benefits of GIS application in hydrological modeling: a brief summary. VATTEN J Water Manage Res 70:41–49 (Lund 2014)
Kshetri R, Dahal D (2023) Remote sensing, geographical information system, and their application in the field of water resources, hydrogeology, and groundwater management. Int J Eng Res Technol (IJERT). ISSN: 2278-0181 IJERTV12IS020025
Markovinović D, Cetl V, Šamanović S, Bjelotomić Oršulić O (2022) Availability and accessibility of hydrography and hydrogeology spatial data in Europe through INSPIRE. Water 14:1499. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14091499
Reghunath R, Sreedhara Murthy TR, Raghavan BR (2005) Time series analysis to monitor and assess water resources: a moving average approach. Environ Monit Assessment 109:65–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-5838-4
Shinde SP, Barai VN, Bansod RD, Atre AA, Gavit BK, Kadam SA (2023) A review on water resource planning and management with special reference to groundwater using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Int J Econ Plants 10(2):083–091. https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0516b
Swain S, Taloor AK, Dhal L et al (2022) Impact of climate change on groundwater hydrology: a comprehensive review and current status of the Indian hydrogeology. Appl Water Sci 12:120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01652-0.S
Taloor Ak, Adimalla N, Goswami A (2021) Remote sensing and GIS applications in geoscience. Appl Comput Geosci 11:100065. ISSN 2590-1974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acags.2021.100065
Turner AK (1989) The role of three-dimensional geographic information systems in subsurface characterization for hydrogeological applications. In: Three-dimensional applications in GIS. eBook ISBN: 9781003069454
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest:
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval:
The authors confirm that appropriate ethics were adopted during the period of experimentation and documentation.
Consent to Publish:
All the authors agree to publish this manuscript. There is no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ajayakumar, A. (2024). Application of GIS and RS in Hydrogeology: Insights from River Basin Studies of South India. In: Satheeshkumar, S., Thirukumaran, V., Karunanidhi, D. (eds) Modern River Science for Watershed Management. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 128. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54704-1_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54704-1_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-54703-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-54704-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)